Gene - Diet Interactions in Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 Gene (FADSDIET)

Gene - Diet Interactions in Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 Gene (FADSDIET)

Interactions between genes and environment, are likely to be crucial in the development of the common diseases such as type 2 diabetes. It was recently shown that FADS1 and FADS 2 genotypes are the strongest genes in a genome-wide analysis regulating serum fatty acid profile.The aim of this study is to test if subjects with the CC and TT genotypes of the FADS1 gene (rs174547) respond differentially to a diet supplemented with linoleic acid (substrate for FADS). We hypothesize that subjects with the TT genotype with more active desaturases will be more sensitive to dietary modification leading to more robust differences in serum FA profile, tissue inflammation and serum lipids.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Fatty Acid
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Sunflower oil

Detailed Description

Lean and overweight subjects (BMI >20kg/m2 <29kg/m2 ) with CC and TT genotypes of FADS1 polymorphism (rs174547) were recruited from the METSIM study (METabolic Syndrome in Men, currently >10000 men included from the population living in Kuopio). The potential participants were asked to contact study nurse if willing to participate. Twenty six subjects with CC genotype were selected after matching with thirty six subjects with the TT genotype for age, BMI and medication.

Study diet were isocaloric following the habitual diet of the participants with a supplement of 30-50 ml (25-45 g) sunflower oil daily depending on body weight. Thus, approximately 16-28 g (6 E%) LA daily were provided on top of the average intake of approximately 10-12 g (4.5 E%). This dose of sunflower oil is not known to cause any side effects or adverse events and even higher doses have been safe.

Food records were collected at the beginning (4 days) and during the third week of the study (7 days) to estimate daily intake of macronutrients and specifically of different fatty acids.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 59
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Finland
  • Kuopio, Finland, 70211
    • University of Eastern Finland, Clinical Nutrition

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Participant of Metabolic syndrome in men (METSIM) cohort BMI 20-30 kg/m2 Healthy CC/TT genotype (rs 174547)

Exclusion Criteria:

Type 2 diabetes Other chronic disease

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: CC genotype; 4-week study diets were isocaloric following the habitual diet of the participants with a supplement of 30-50 ml (25-45 g) sunflower oil daily depending on body weight. The same diets were instructed for both genotypes.	Dietary supplement: Sunflower oil; Study diets were isocaloric following the habitual diet of the participants with a supplement of 30-50 ml (25-45 g) sunflower oil daily depending on body weight. Thus, approximately 16-28 g (6 E%) LA were provided daily on top of the average intake of approximately 10-12 g (4.5 E%).
Experimental: TT genotype; 4-week study diets were isocaloric following the habitual diet of the participants with a supplement of 30-50 ml (25-45 g) sunflower oil daily depending on body weight. The same diets were instructed for both genotypes.	Dietary supplement: Sunflower oil; Study diets were isocaloric following the habitual diet of the participants with a supplement of 30-50 ml (25-45 g) sunflower oil daily depending on body weight. Thus, approximately 16-28 g (6 E%) LA were provided daily on top of the average intake of approximately 10-12 g (4.5 E%).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Fatty acid profile of serum lipid fractions	4 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Serum lipids an lipoproteins	4 weeks
Adipose tissue biopsies	4 weeks
white blood cell samples	4 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Eastern Finland

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Meuronen T, Lankinen MA, Karkkainen O, Laakso M, Pihlajamaki J, Hanhineva K, Schwab U. FADS1 rs174550 genotype and high linoleic acid diet modify plasma PUFA phospholipids in a dietary intervention study. Eur J Nutr. 2022 Mar;61(2):1109-1120. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02722-w. Epub 2021 Oct 31.
• Lankinen MA, Fauland A, Shimizu BI, Agren J, Wheelock CE, Laakso M, Schwab U, Pihlajamaki J. Inflammatory response to dietary linoleic acid depends on FADS1 genotype. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Jan 1;109(1):165-175. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy287.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 3, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 4, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): September 7, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): September 10, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 9, 2015
• Last Verified: September 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: fatty acids, FADS gene, genotype, diet
• Other Study ID Numbers: FADSDIET