Solution Focused Approach in Adolescents (SFA) (SFA)

The Effect of the Solution Focused Approach (SFA) on Nutrition-Exercise Attitudes and Behaviors of Overweight and Obese Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial

Aims-objectives: This study assessed the effect of the Solution Focused Approach (SFA) interview technique on overweight/obese adolescents' nutrition-exercise attitudes and behaviors.

Background: Obesity is a serious health problem for all age groups, particularly adolescents; therefore, it is important for adolescents to develop healthy nutrition habits, acquire exercise behaviors. Unless healthy nutrition-exercise behaviors are acquired, obesity can develop in adolescence, continue in adulthood. Focusing on solutions can be effective for overweight/obese adolescents to develop healthy nutrition-exercise behaviors.

Design: A pretest-posttest randomized-controlled trial design was used.

Methods: The study included 32 overweight/obese adolescents (16 for intervention group, 16 for control group) aged12-13 years who attended a health center, met the inclusion criteria. The SFA interview technique was applied to the intervention group. Eight solution-focused interviews were conducted with each adolescent at two-week intervals (interview length 30 to 45minutes). For each group, anthropometric, metabolic measurement follow-ups were conducted in the first and sixth months. The data were evaluated using independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon test respectively for normally, non-normally distributed variables. The categorical variables were compared using chi-square test. The value p<0.05 was accepted to be statistically significant.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Obesity; Adolescent Obesity; Overweight and Obesity
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: solution-focused interview technique

Detailed Description

Solution Focused Approach (SFA) interview technique is an approach that can be used by nurses who have important roles in the protection, maintenance and promotion of health in healthcare services. Because the SFA interview technique can be integrated into all dimensions of health, it enables children and adolescents to be aware of their own strengths and skills and to improve their skills. This raised awareness encourages individuals to start and maintain change. The earlier the awareness of individuals is raised, the higher the achievement level of the approach will increase. Further studies can be conducted in which the duration of the SFA interview technique follow-ups is longer. Moreover, it can be suggested that studies be conducted to analyze the cost-effectiveness of this approach.

All health professionals in general and, specifically nurses, should be educated about the SFA interview technique strategies. Nurses who carry out the SFA interviews conducted using the SFA interview technique should enable individuals to realize their own strengths. The number of interviews can be determined in accordance with the topic and the data obtained from individuals. If the interviews are carried out with school children-adolescents, attention should be paid to conduct interviews with their families. Enabling individuals to reach a solution using the SFA interview technique strategies is the major point of interviews. This result may not appear immediately. Interviews should be continued with patience to find what works in resistant individuals.

After these interviews are completed, interviews should be continued with the individuals periodically. To enable individuals to maintain their nutrition and exercise behaviors, interviews should be carried out with adolescents and their families at least twice in a month after the SFA interviews. Nurses who conduct SFA interviews can carry out individual interviews or group interviews in Endocrinology Polyclinics, Family Health Centers, or at schools as a school nurse.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 2
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Sivas, Turkey, 58140
    • Cumhuriyet University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 12 years to 13 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Twelve-thirteen aged between,
• Diagnosed metabolic disease, without
• BMI >85 percentile (>+1SD), overweight and BMI>95 (>+2SD) percentile obese adolescents
• Communicate
• Any conditions that interfere with exercise (who do not have disability, such as cardiac failure)

Exclusion Criteria:

• From teenagers who indicated they could not continue until the end of the study,
• Metabolic disease,
• Metformin uses
• Adolescents who move out of County

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: intervention; solution-focused interview techniques	Behavioral: solution-focused interview technique; This approach helps an individual make decisions about behavioral change, focusing particularly on his or her past achievements and looking forward to a time when the problems cease to exist.
No Intervention: control; This group did not apply solution-focused interview techniques.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
the Family and Adolescent Introductory Information Form and Overweight and Obese Adolescents' Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Identification Form	The data for the nutrition-exercise habits and behaviors of the adolescent were collected using the Family and Adolescent Introductory Information Form and Overweight-Obese Adolescents' Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Identification Form, which had been prepared by the researcher based on the literature.	one month
Anthropometric measurement (weight measurement)	Anthropometric scores (weight measurement) data of adolescents were collected using the Anthropometric Follow-Up Table. Digital weighing scale was used for weight measurements in kilograms. The measurements were taken without closes and shoes. Calibration of the scales was done monthly. The primary outcome was to determine weight measurement values of adolescent.	one month
Anthropometric measurement (height measurement)	Anthropometric scores (height measurement) data of adolescents were collected using the Anthropometric Follow-Up Table. Bar scale was used for height measurements in meters. Before the length measurement, the shoe was removed and the lower end of the rod was attached to the foot in a vertical position, and the point where the head came was recorded. The primary outcome was to determine height measurement values of adolescent.	one month
Anthropometric measurement (Calculation of Body Mass Index or BMI)	BMI was calculated as the body mass in kilograms divided by the square of the body height in meters (BMI = kg / m ^ 2). The primary outcome was to determine BMI values of adolescent.	one month
Anthropometric measurement (Body Mass Index Percentile (BMI percentile) calculation)	In determining the BMI percentile standard values, the BMI values determined for Turkish children were taken into consideration. The primary outcome was to determine BMI percentile values of adolescent.	one month
Anthropometric measurement (Body Mass Index - Standard Deviation Score(BMI-SDS) calculation)	The data on the Anthropometric scores (BMI-SDS) of the adolescents were collected using the Anthropometric Follow-Up Table. The obtained SDS value is calculated by using the Auxology program which performs SDS calculation.The primary outcome was to determine BMI-SDS values of adolescent.	one month
Metabolic measurement (Preprandial Blood Glucose)	The data on the Metabolic scores (Preprandial Blood Glucose) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The primary outcome was to determine Preprandial Blood Glucose values of adolescent.	one month
Metabolic measurement (Preprandial insulin)	The data on the Metabolic scores (Preprandial insulin) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The primary outcome was to determine Preprandial insulin values of adolescent.	one month
Metabolic measurement (Homeostasis Model of Assesment for insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR))	The data on the Metabolic scores (Homeostasis Model of Assesment for insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The primary outcome was to determine HOMA-IR values of adolescent.	one month
Metabolic measurement (LDL-cholesterol)	The data on the Metabolic scores (LDL-cholesterol) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The primary outcome was to determine LDL-cholesterol values of adolescent.	one month
Metabolic measurement (HDL-cholesterol)	The data on the Metabolic scores (HDL-cholesterol) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The primary outcome was to determine HDL-cholesterol values of adolescent.	one month
Metabolic measurement (Total cholesterol)	The data on the Metabolic scores (total cholesterol) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The primary outcome was to determine total cholesterol values of adolescent.	one month
Metabolic measurement (Triglyceride)	The data on the Metabolic scores (triglyceride) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The primary outcome was to determine triglyceride values of adolescent.	one month
the application of scale - Nutrition-Exercise Attitude Scale (NEAS)	Healthy nutrition-exercise attitudes and behaviors were evaluated using the Nutrition-Exercise Attitude Scale (NEAS) that had been developed to determine the attitudes and behaviors of the adolescents.The NEAS scores ranged from 13 to 65. A high total score obtained in this scale indicated a positive nutrition-exercise attitude and a low total score indicated a negative attitude.These scales were completed in the first-month follow-up.	one month
the application of scale - Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale (NEBS)	Healthy nutrition-exercise attitudes and behaviors were evaluated using the Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale (NEBS) that had been developed to determine the attitudes and behaviors of the adolescents.The NEBS had the following sub-scales: psychological (dependent) eating behavior (11 to 55 points), healthy nutrition-exercise behavior (14 to 70 points), unhealthy nutrition-exercise behavior (14 to 70 points) and regular meal times (6 to 30 points). A high total score obtained in this scale indicated a positive nutrition-exercise behavior and a low total score indicated a negative behavior.These scales were completed in the first-month follow-up.	one month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Anthropometric measurement (weight measurement)	Anthropometric scores (weight measurement) data of adolescents were collected using the Anthropometric Follow-Up Table. Digital weighing scale was used for weight measurements in kilograms. The measurements were taken without closes and shoes. Calibration of the scales was done monthly. The second outcome was to enable the weight measurement values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Anthropometric measurement (height measurement)	Anthropometric scores (height measurement) data of adolescents were collected using the Anthropometric Follow-Up Table. Bar scale was used for height measurements in meters. Before the length measurement, the shoe was removed and the lower end of the rod was attached to the foot in a vertical position, and the point where the head came was recorded. The second outcome was to enable the height measurement values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Anthropometric measurement (Calculation of Body Mass Index or BMI)	BMI was calculated as the body mass in kilograms divided by the square of the body height in meters (BMI = kg / m ^ 2). The second outcome was to enable the BMI values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Anthropometric measurement (Body Mass Index Percentile (BMI percentile) calculation)	In determining the BMI percentile standard values, the BMI values determined for Turkish children were taken into consideration. The second outcome was to enable the BMI percentile values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Anthropometric measurement (Body Mass Index - Standard Deviation Score(BMI-SDS) calculation)	The data on the Anthropometric scores (BMI-SDS) of the adolescents were collected using the Anthropometric Follow-Up Table. The obtained SDS value is calculated by using the Auxology program which performs SDS calculation. The second outcome was to enable the BMI-SDS values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Metabolic measurement (Preprandial Blood Glucose)	The data on the Metabolic scores (Preprandial Blood Glucose) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The second outcome was to enable the Preprandial Blood Glucose values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Metabolic measurement (Preprandial insulin)	The data on the Metabolic scores (Preprandial insulin) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The second outcome was to enable the Preprandial insulin values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Metabolic measurement (Homeostasis Model of Assesment for insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR))	The data on the Metabolic scores (HOMA-IR) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The second outcome was to enable the HOMA-IR values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Metabolic measurement (LDL-cholesterol)	The data on the Metabolic scores (LDL-cholesterol) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The second outcome was to enable the LDL-cholesterol values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Metabolic measurement (HDL-cholesterol)	The data on the Metabolic scores (HDL-cholesterol) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The second outcome was to enable the HDL-cholesterol values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Metabolic measurement (Total cholesterol)	The data on the Metabolic scores (total cholesterol) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The second outcome was to enable the total cholesterol values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
Metabolic measurement (Triglyceride)	The data on the Metabolic scores (triglyceride) of the adolescents were collected using the Metabolic Follow-Up Table.These tables were completed by both groups before the first- and sixth- follow-ups between September 6 2013 and August 29 2014. The second outcome was to enable the triglyceride values to be within the reasonable limits.	six month
the application of scale- Nutrition-Exercise Attitude Scale (NEAS)	Healthy nutrition-exercise attitudes and behaviors were evaluated using the Nutrition-Exercise Attitude Scale (NEAS) that had been developed to determine the attitudes and behaviors of the adolescents.The NEAS scores ranged from 13 to 65. A high total score obtained in this scale indicated a positive nutrition-exercise attitude and a low total score indicated a negative attitude.These scales were completed in the sixth-month follow-up.	six month
the application of scale - Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale (NEBS)	Healthy nutrition-exercise attitudes and behaviors were evaluated using the Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale (NEBS) that had been developed to determine the attitudes and behaviors of the adolescents.The NEBS had the following sub-scales: psychological (dependent) eating behavior (11 to 55 points), healthy nutrition-exercise behavior (14 to 70 points), unhealthy nutrition-exercise behavior (14 to 70 points) and regular meal times (6 to 30 points). A high total score obtained in this scale indicated a positive nutrition-exercise behavior and a low total score indicated a negative behavior.These scales were completed in the sixth-month follow-up.	six month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Cumhuriyet University
• Collaborators: TC Erciyes University
• Investigators: Study Director: Emine- Ümit SEVİG, 2, TC Erciyes University; Study Director: Nuran Güler, 3, Cumhuriyet University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 2, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 29, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): August 29, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 14, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 4, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): December 6, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 6, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 4, 2017
• Last Verified: December 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: exercise; obesity; nutrition; adolescence; SFA interview technique
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Body Weight; Obesity; Pediatric Obesity; Overweight
• Other Study ID Numbers: CumhuriyetU

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes
• IPD Plan Description: Journal of Clinical Nursing
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Until 2018
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: For editorial review
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: Analytic Code

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No