Association Between Food/Nutrient Intake and Sleep Quality in Middle Aged and Older Population

Sleep is essential to health. Quality of sleep, measure through indexes of sleep, is related to the incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and premature death. Sleep pattern changes as people age. They tend to have a harder time falling asleep and more trouble staying asleep than when they were younger. Studies have shown that food/nutrient intake may be associated with sleep duration, quality, and patterns. Singapore's population is aging rapidly and improving their indexes of sleep may result in their health promotion.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Sleep

Detailed Description

Sleep is essential to health and indexes of sleep including duration, quality, and patterning are related to the incidence of chronic diseases and premature death. Changes in sleep patterns are a part of the aging process and as people age, they tend to have a harder time falling asleep and more trouble staying asleep than when they were younger. Certain cross-sectional studies have shown that food/nutrient intake may be associated with sleep duration, quality, and patterns. In the last decade, Singapore's population has grown older. However, limited research examined the association between food/nutrient intake and indexes of sleep in middle-aged and older population in Singapore. Therefore, with a growing number of elderly, studies on improving their sleep quality can play a significant role in improving their quality of life. This is a cross-sectional study and subjects require a 1-day visit (one time visit ONLY). Generally healthy middle-aged and older population will be recruited and after the phone screening and validated subjects will complete the medical history questionnaire and to be brought on the day of visit. During the visit, subjects will stay approximately 3-h to complete the testing. After completing the consent form, fasting-state blood collection and general health assessment will be conducted. Then subjects will be asked to complete the questionnaires to assess sleep quality and dietary intake.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 108

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Singapore
  • Singapore, Singapore, 117599
    • Investigational Medical Unit (IMU)

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Study population includes middle-aged and older adults (aged 50 to 75 years) who are in general good health and not regularly having protein or vitamin supplements.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ability to give an informed consent
2. Age 50 to 75 years
3. Not taking dietary supplements which may impact the outcome of the interests (I.e. dietary protein and vitamin supplements)
4. Not having significant dietary changes for the past 1 year (i.e. weight loss, vegetarian diet)
5. Having sufficient venous access to allow the blood collection
6. Willing to follow the study procedure

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unable to give an informed consent
2. Age < 50 years
3. Taking dietary supplements which may impact the outcome of the interest (i.e. dietary proteins and vitamin supplements)
4. Having/had significant dietary changes for the past 1 year
5. Not having sufficient venous access to allow the blood collection
6. Unwilling to follow the study procedure

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (GSS)	Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Global Sleep Score (GSS): 0-21 (arbitrary unit; au) A lower value indicates better sleep quality	Day 1
Sleep Quality Assessment 2	Sleep evaluation questionnaire Score: 0-56 (arbitrary unit) Lower score suggests better sleep	Day 1
Dietary Assessment	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Day 1
Dietary Assessment 2 (Dietary Carotenoids)	3 Day 24-Hr Dietary Recall: Participants will be given a diagram showing serving sizes that they can refer to for measurements. Only 3 out of the 7 days of the week are required for the participants to record their food intake. Results are reported as the average value of the analysed nutrients (dietary carotenoids) across the 3 days the dietary data was collected.	Day 3
Blood Amino Acid Concentration (Plasma Tryptophan)	Amino acid analysis on collected blood serum for blood amino acid profile.	Day 1
Dietary Assessment 2 (Dietary Macronutrients)	3 Day 24-Hr Dietary Recall: Participants will be given a diagram showing serving sizes that they can refer to for measurements. Only 3 out of the 7 days of the week are required for the participants to record their food intake. Results are reported as the average value of the analysed nutrients (dietary fat) across the 3 days the dietary data was collected.	Day 3
Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (Sleep Duration)	Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Sleep duration (hours)	Day 1
Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (Sleep Latency)	Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Sleep latency (minutes)	Day 1
Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (Sleep Efficiency)	Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Sleep efficiency (%)	Day 1

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Blood Pressure	Blood pressure using electronic devices that work on the oscillometric technique. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure are both collected and reported	Day 1
Anthropometric Measurements 1	Height (kg)	Day 1
Anthropometric Measurements 2	Weight (kg)	Day 1
Anthropometric Measurements 3	Waist circumference (cm)	Day 1
Skin Carotenoid Status	Measure with resonance Raman spectroscopy. A higher score is indicative of raised skin carotenoid levels and hence, a better outcome	Day 1
Perceived Stress Assessment	Perceived stress assessment (PSS) questionnaire Score: 0-40 (arbitrary unit; au) A higher score indicates higher perceived stress	Day 1
Blood Lipid and Glucose Profile	Plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, ldl-cholesterol, hdl-cholesterol and glucose concentration	Day 1
Plasma Carotenoids Concentration	High performance liquid chromatography quantitative analyses of carotenoids in plasma samples	Day 1

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National University, Singapore
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jung Eun Kim, PhD, RD, NUS (Chemistry, FST)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Smagula SF, Koh WP, Wang R, Yuan JM. Chronic disease and lifestyle factors associated with change in sleep duration among older adults in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. J Sleep Res. 2016 Feb;25(1):57-61. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12342.
• Pan A, De Silva DA, Yuan JM, Koh WP. Sleep duration and risk of stroke mortality among Chinese adults: Singapore Chinese health study. Stroke. 2014 Jun;45(6):1620-5. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005181. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
• Dashti HS, Scheer FA, Jacques PF, Lamon-Fava S, Ordovas JM. Short sleep duration and dietary intake: epidemiologic evidence, mechanisms, and health implications. Adv Nutr. 2015 Nov 13;6(6):648-59. doi: 10.3945/an.115.008623. Print 2015 Nov.
• Toh DWK, Sutanto CN, Loh WW, Lee WY, Yao Y, Ong CN, Kim JE. Skin carotenoids status as a potential surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease risk determination in middle-aged and older adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Feb 8;31(2):592-601. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.016. Epub 2020 Oct 26.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 2, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 31, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): October 31, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 22, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 12, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): June 13, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 1, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 17, 2020
• Last Verified: May 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Diet; Sleep Quality; Older adults; Nutrients; Middle-aged adults
• Other Study ID Numbers: S1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No
• IPD Plan Description: Electronic copies of the data with identifiable participant information will be kept on a secure computer with access limited to the principal investigator and her research staff. All data will be de-identified prior to statistical analyses

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No