Rapid Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption

Rapid Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

This is a prospective cohort study. All patients presenting for periprosthetic joint infection and requiring debridement only or resection arthroplasty will be eligible. The synovial joint fluid will be sampled before the arthrotomy at the operation room.

The purpose of this study will be to evaluate that 1) the concordance of organism identification by the direct identification of MALTI-TOF MS versus routine identification of MALTI-TOF MS and conventional cultures and 2) the timing of preliminary strain identification by the direct identification of MALTI-TOF MS, routine identification of MALTI-TOF MS and conventional cultures in patients with periprosthetic joint infection.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Prosthetic Joint Infection
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: No intervention

Detailed Description

Material and Methods

1. Patients who have a high probability of infection based on the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria and are scheduled for debridement only or debridement with implant removal, will be invited to enroll the study after signed informed consent.

   The synovial joint fluid will be sampled before the arthrotomy at the operation room. Aspirates will be collected under an aseptic technique with an 18-Fr sterile syringe with a minimum amount of 14 ccs. The sample will be divided between MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in standard blood culture bottles (10 ccs), wound culture tube (2 ccs), and synovial fluid analysis (2 ccs). The samples will be delivered to microbiology laboratory within a 2-hour period.

2. Bacterial culture and conventional identification Bacterial identification will be performed by the conventional method using the Vitek 2 system. For the conventional culture, 1 µL of well-mixed synovial joint fluid will be inoculated and spread onto blood agar plates and MacConkey agar plates using a sterile plastic disposable loop. Plates will be incubated in an aerobic atmosphere at 37℃ for 18-24 hr. When bacterial growth is observed, the colonies on blood agar will be counted, and colonies from both types of plates will be identified by using the Vitek 2 system.

3. MALDI-TOF MS identification The suspension obtained following the above sample preparation will be centrifuged at 13,000g for 2 minutes, and the supernatant will be discarded. The pellet will be centrifuged at 13,000g for another 2 minutes prior to the removal of the residual ethanol. Fifty microliters of formic acid (70% v/v) and 50 mL of 100% acetonitrile will be added to the pellet, and mixed thoroughly after each reagent is added. The suspension will be centrifuged again at 13,000g for another 2 minutes, and 1 mL of the supernatant will be spotted onto the steel target plate. Analysis will be performed following air-drying of 1 mL a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix solution placed onto the dried sample spot in duplicate.

   Mass spectra profiles will be acquired using a microflex LT MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) following the manufacturer's settings. Spectra will be recorded in the linear positive mode at a laser frequency of 60 Hz within a mass range from 2000 Da to 20,000 Da. All bacteria identifications will be performed by MALDI-TOF Biotyper RTC and the Bruker MALDI Biotyper 3.1 software and library (4613 isolates; Bruker Daltonics). Criteria used for microorganism analysis and identification will be as recommended by the manufacturer.

4. Statistical analysis Time to identification will be determined as the time from colony formation to the time at which the final result is reported to a physician. Statistical analysis will be performed to compare the three methods using Chi-square tests. The level of statistical significance will be set at p < 0.05.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 80

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Kaohsiung, Taiwan
    • Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

The synovial joint fluid will be sampled before the arthrotomy at the operation room. Aspirates will be collected under an aseptic technique with an 18-Fr sterile syringe with a minimum amount of 14 cc. The sample was partitioned between two set of aerobic and anaerobic BCBs (at least 2.5cc for each bottle), wound culture tube (2cc), synovial fluid analysis (2cc). In instances where there is insufficient fluid to send all 3 modalities (less than 14 mL), patients will be excluded from the current investigation. Samples will be delivered to the clinical microbiology laboratory within a 2-hour period.

Description

Inclusion Criteria: high probability of infection based on the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria and will be scheduled for debridement only or debridement with implant removal

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients not meeting MSIS criteria
• Patients undergoing aseptic revision
• Insufficient synovial fluid amount for analysis.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Patients with PJI	Other: No intervention; Sample collection study Sample collection and collection of laboratory values

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The identification rate of microorganisms	The organism identification from direct identification of MALTI-TOF MS, routine identification of MALTI-TOF MS and conventional cultures	Immediate post-operative period (usually within 5-7 days following surgery)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The timing of organism identification	The timing of preliminary strain identification of direct identification of MALTI-TOF MS, routine identification of MALTI-TOF MS and conventional cultures	Immediate post-operative period (usually within 5-7 days following surgery)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
• Investigators: Study Chair: Feng-Chih Kuo, MD, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Peersman G, Laskin R, Davis J, Peterson M. Infection in total knee replacement: a retrospective review of 6489 total knee replacements. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001 Nov;(392):15-23.
• Fink B, Makowiak C, Fuerst M, Berger I, Schafer P, Frommelt L. The value of synovial biopsy, joint aspiration and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of late peri-prosthetic infection of total knee replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008 Jul;90(7):874-8. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.90B7.20417.
• Geller JA, MacCallum KP, Murtaugh TS, Patrick DA Jr, Liabaud B, Jonna VK. Prospective Comparison of Blood Culture Bottles and Conventional Swabs for Microbial Identification of Suspected Periprosthetic Joint Infection. J Arthroplasty. 2016 Aug;31(8):1779-83. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2016.02.014. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
• Peel TN, Dylla BL, Hughes JG, Lynch DT, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Cheng AC, Mandrekar JN, Patel R. Improved Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection by Culturing Periprosthetic Tissue Specimens in Blood Culture Bottles. mBio. 2016 Jan 5;7(1):e01776-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01776-15.
• Croxatto A, Prod'hom G, Greub G. Applications of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in clinical diagnostic microbiology. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012 Mar;36(2):380-407. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00298.x. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
• Haiko J, Savolainen LE, Hilla R, Patari-Sampo A. Identification of urinary tract pathogens after 3-hours urine culture by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. J Microbiol Methods. 2016 Oct;129:81-84. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 5.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 30, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): May 31, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 22, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 22, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): October 24, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 28, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 26, 2019
• Last Verified: August 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: mass spectrometry, diagnosis, prosthetic joint infection, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Disease Attributes; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Arthritis; Infections; Communicable Diseases; Arthritis, Infectious
• Other Study ID Numbers: CMRPG8F1402

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No