Using the Hierarchical Cluster Method for Foot Deformities (Cluster)

Anthropometric and Biomechanical Variables Causing Foot Deformities in Young Individuals, Using the Hierarchical Cluster Method

The aim of this study is to analyze all of the variables with a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Multivariate Statistical Methods to obtain more sensitive results, and also to add a new dimension to the hypothesis included in the study.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Foot Deformities
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Anthropometric measures

Detailed Description

Aim and Introduction: Due to individual anthropometric differences, there are many different types of foot posture Foot posture variations affect lower extremity structure, alignment and biomechanical characteristics. Particularly in younger people, performing critical biomechanical measurements in the lower extremity and foot is extremely important to the detection of, and early intervention in, orthopedic problems that these individuals will encounter in their later life. In the literature, attempts at analysis of the evaluations realized so far have been made by univariate analysis. Considering the relationship between variation and variables, these methods result in loss of information. The aim of this study is to analyze all of the variables with a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Multivariate Statistical Methods to obtain more sensitive results, and also to add a new dimension to the hypothesis included in the study.

Methods: The study is carried out on 2nd and 3rd year university students in the physiotherapy and rehabilitation department taking a kinesiology course. The analyses are performed at the Biruni University Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation laboratory. Patients with musculoskeletal system pathomechanics which could prevent standing and walking are not included in the study. After demographic characteristics are recorded, Q, valgity angle, subtalar joint, medial longitudinal arch and hallux valgus angles are measured with a goniometer. The height from the ground of the navicula are calculated by caliper, using the Navicular drop test. Metatarsal width are also calculated with this device. Medial longitudinal arch angle, metatarsal width and nacivular drop tests are performed under weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 108

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Istanbul, Turkey
    • Başar Öztürk

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 24 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

University students

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy university students.
• Must be able to walk independently.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Students with chronic sprains.
• Students who had undergone lower extremity surgery within the last year.
• Students who use assistive walking devices.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Navicular drop test	The height of navicula will be measured in weight-bearing and non-weight bearing conditions in millimeters.	2 weeks.
Metatarsal width	The width of metatarsal zone will be measured in weight-bearing and non-weight bearing conditions in millimeters.	2 weeks.
Subtalar angle	The angle between calcaneus and Achilleus tendon will be measured with goniometer in standing position and the degree will be calculated.	2 weeks.
Hallux valgus angle	The angle between 1st metatars and hallux will be measured with goniometer and the degree will be calculated.	2 weeks.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Q angle	The angle of quadriceps femoris muscle will be measured with goniometer in supine position and the degree will be assessed.	2 weeks.
Medial longitudinal arch angle	The angle between 1st metatarsophalangeal joint, navicula and medial malleol will be measured and the degree will be calculated.	2 weeks.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Biruni University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): May 20, 2019
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): May 30, 2019
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): June 5, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 14, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 16, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): May 17, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): January 27, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 23, 2020
• Last Verified: January 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Kinematic analysis; Foot deformities; Cluster method
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital; Congenital Abnormalities; Foot Deformities; Foot Deformities, Congenital
• Other Study ID Numbers: BiruniUni

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No