The Prevalence Of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction In Patients With Lumbar Disc Hernia

A Cross-sectional Study of Patients, Who Diagnosed Lumbar Disc Hernia With or Without Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction

In this study evaluated the prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc hernia and examined the variations in clinical parameters cause by this combination.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lumbar Disc Herniation; Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Evaluation of the prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in lumbar disc herniation

Detailed Description

Two hundred thirty-four patients already diagnosed with lumbar disc hernia were included in the study. During the evaluation, sacroiliac joint dysfunction was investigated using specific tests, pain levels with a Visual Analog Scale, and the presence of neuropathic pain using the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale. Other clinical assessments were performed using the Beck Depression Inventory, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale. Positivity in three out of six provocation tests was adopted as a criterion for sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

Sample Size A power analysis using the formula n= t2pq / d2 was performed to determine the sample size. Based on those data the investigators concluded that a minimum of 174 and a maximum of 322 patients would be required to achieve significant results, and 234 patients were enrolled.

Statistical Analysis The study data were expressed as mean plus standard deviation (SD) for constant variables values and as number and percentage for categoric variables. The chi-square test was used to analyze categoric variables. Results were evaluated at a 95% confidence interval at a significance level of p˂0.05. The analysis was performed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 16.0 software.

The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline has been implemented in this manuscript.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 234

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Two hundred thirty-four patients already diagnosed with lumbar disc hernia were included in the study. 63.2% of patients were female and 36.8% were male. Mean age was 46.72 ± 11.14 years.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Between 20 - 60 years old
• Diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation
• To have sufficient cognitive level to fill clinical evaluation forms
• The patient agreed to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Lumbar pain, the etiology of which was suspected to be inflammatory in character
• Structural vertebral deformity or fracture
• The severe and progressive neurological deficit
• A history of severe psychiatric disease
• Substance and/or alcohol dependence, with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), malignancy, spinal infection
• A history of vertebral surgery
• Pregnancy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
The group with sacroiliac joint dysfunction; The patient with sacroiliac joint dysfunction in lumbar disc hernia	Other: Evaluation of the prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in lumbar disc herniation; Other Names: Quality of life; Pain level; Presence of neuropathic pain; Functional capacity; Presence of depression; Presence of kinesiophobia
The group without sacroiliac joint dysfunction; The patient without sacroiliac joint dysfunction in lumbar disc hernia	Other: Evaluation of the prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in lumbar disc herniation; Other Names: Quality of life; Pain level; Presence of neuropathic pain; Functional capacity; Presence of depression; Presence of kinesiophobia

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation the prevalence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in patients with lumbar disc hernia	During the evaluation, sacroiliac joint dysfunction was investigated using specific tests. Positivity in three out of six provocation tests was adopted as a criterion for sacroiliac joint dysfunction.	1 day
Examination of the level of pain caused by this combination which with sacroiliac joint dysfunction in lumbar disc hernia	All patients were evaluated in terms of pain threshold measurements using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The patient is asked to mark the severity of the pain on a horizontal or vertical 10 cm line. It is defined as 0 no pain, 5 moderate pain, 10 is the most severe pain encountered in life.	1 day
Examination the presence of depression caused by this combination which with sacroiliac joint dysfunction in lumbar disc hernia	The presence of depression was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory. The Beck Depression Inventory created by Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for measuring the severity of depression. Each answer is scored on a scale value of 0 to 3. Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. In this study evaluated that there is no depression between 0 and 13 points, a moderate depression of 14-24 points, and a severe depression of more than 25 points.	1 day
Effect on the quality of life this combination which with sacroiliac joint dysfunction in lumbar disc hernia: Health Assessment Questionnaire	Quality of life was performed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire.The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was originally developed in 1978 by James F. Fries, MD, and colleagues at Stanford University. The domain of disability is assessed by the eight categories of dressing, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and common activities. Discomfort is determined by the presence of pain and its severity. Each answer is rated 0-3. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is a questionnaire that reflects the functional status, and its score is correlated with disease activity indicators.	1 day
Examination the presence of kinesiophobia caused by this combination which with sacroiliac joint dysfunction in lumbar disc hernia	The presence of kinesiophobia was evaluated using the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale.The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)that was developed in 1990 is a 17 item questionnaire used to assess the subjective rating of Kinesiophobia or fear of movement. The original questionnaire was developed to "discriminate between non-excessive fear and phobia among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain''. The TSK is a self-completed questionnaire and the range of scores are from 17 to 68 where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of Kinesiophobia.	1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: European University of Lefke
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Hilal Telli, MD, European University of Lefke

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• van Tulder M, Malmivaara A, Esmail R, Koes B. Exercise therapy for low back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the cochrane collaboration back review group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Nov 1;25(21):2784-96. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200011010-00011.
• Madani SP, Dadian M, Firouznia K, Alalawi S. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction in patients with herniated lumbar disc: a cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2013;26(3):273-8. doi: 10.3233/BMR-130376.
• Chou LH, Slipman CW, Bhagia SM, Tsaur L, Bhat AL, Isaac Z, Gilchrist R, El Abd OH, Lenrow DA. Inciting events initiating injection-proven sacroiliac joint syndrome. Pain Med. 2004 Mar;5(1):26-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2004.04009.x.
• Prather H, Hunt D. Conservative management of low back pain, part I. Sacroiliac joint pain. Dis Mon. 2004 Dec;50(12):670-83. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2004.12.004. No abstract available.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 22, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 16, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): April 16, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 24, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 28, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): May 29, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 31, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 29, 2019
• Last Verified: May 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Dysfunction; Lumbar; Sacroiliac joint; Disc hernia
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Musculoskeletal Diseases; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Spinal Diseases; Bone Diseases; Hernia; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Joint Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: The Prevalence Of SJD

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: From an ethical point of view, this data should remain between the doctor and the patients. Therefore a plan is not created.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No