Effects of Resistance Training on Substrate Metabolism During the Menstrual Cycle

Acute Effects of Resistance Training on Substrate Metabolism During Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

This research project's objective is to investigate substrate metabolism behavior in response to the RT during different phases of the menstrual cycle.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Menstrual Cycle; Substrate Metabolism
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: EFP; Behavioral: LFP; Behavioral: ELP; Behavioral: LLP

Detailed Description

Based on the literature the investigators hypothesize an increase in fat oxidation in early follicular phase(EFP) and late follicular phase (LFP) when compared to early luteal phase (ELP) and late luteal phase (LLP). Given the lack of research in exercise and menstrual cycle - especially in resistance training - results are uncertain unless the investigators base their hypotheses only on the general physiological effects of sex hormones (without exercise). In this case, the investigators expect to see a reduced carbohydrate utilization and an increased utilization of fats in EFP and LFP. In addition, the intervention is focused on muscular endurance and, therefore, it is expected to see a higher reliance on aerobic pathways. It is expected that the effects of the intervention will be added to the effects of estrogens, with increasing fat oxidation when estrogen levels are higher. Lastly, a comparison of fat oxidation levels obtained on each sub-phase would reveal if there are differences in the magnitude of the effect of distinct concentrations of estrogen and progesterone.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 10
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Edwardsville, Illinois, United States, 62026
      • Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Females with BMI-18.5-34.99 and between 18-45 years, with normal menstrual cycle defined as 28-30 days cycles +-3 days.
• Including higher BMI participants might alter the results as increased body fat has been linked to changes in different hormonal levels (not only sex hormones) and that might influence substrate utilization.
• Sedentary .or physically active for 2 days a week or less.

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Musculoskeletal injuries,

  • cardio-respiratory conditions,
  • metabolic conditions,
  • irregular menstrual cycle,
  • menstrual dysfunction or unusual sex hormone levels,
  • on contraceptives,
  • on medication that alter hormonal or cardio-respiratory responses,
  • pre-menopausal symptoms,
  • on moderate to high-intensity exercise regime more than 2d/week.
  • All these exclusion criteria are chosen because any one of the listed criteria above can alter the responses and/or affect the safety of the subject during their participation in the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Early Follicular Phase (EFP); This group is comprised of participants at the Early Follicular Phase (EFP) of the menstrual cycle.	Behavioral: EFP; This group will perform the Resistance training intervention on day 4 of the menstrual cycle, which corresponds to the mid of early follicular phase.
Experimental: Late Follicular Phase; This group is comprised of participants at the Late Follicular Phase (LFP) of the menstrual cycle.	Behavioral: LFP; This group will perform the Resistance training intervention on day 11 of the menstrual cycle, which corresponds to the mid of late follicular phase.
Experimental: Early Luteal Phase; This group is comprised of participants at the Early Luteal Phase (ELP) of the menstrual cycle.	Behavioral: ELP; This group will perform the Resistance training intervention on the day 18 of the menstrual cycle, which corresponds to the mid of early luteal phase
Experimental: Late Luteal Phase; This group is comprised of participants at the Late Luteal Phase(LLP) of the menstrual cycle.	Behavioral: LLP; This group will perform the Resistance training intervention on day 21 of the menstrual cycle, which corresponds to the mid of late luteal phase

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in Substrate oxidation	changes in substrate oxidation will be measured using cosmed K5 during the intervention phase	During each exercise session: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase
Changes in Estrogen levels.	Blood would be drawn from the participants for assessment of hormone estrogen	At baseline: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase
Changes in Progesterone levels.	Blood would be drawn from the participants for assessment of hormone Progesterone.	At baseline: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Muscular strength	Muscular strength will be assessed by one-repetition maximum test on leg press and bench press	At baseline: 1 assessment point
Cardiorespiratory Function	maximal oxygen consumption will measured on a treadmill with a metabolic cart	At baseline: 1 assessment point
Relative Body Fat (%)	Body composition i.e Fat mass, Lean body mass and Body fat percentage will be measured using dual-energy xray absorptiometry	At baseline: 1 assessment point
Lean Body Mass (kg)	Body composition i.e Fat mass, Lean body mass and Body fat percentage will be measured using dual-energy xray absorptiometry	At baseline: 1 assessment point
Fat Mass (kg)	Body composition i.e Fat mass, Lean body mass and Body fat percentage will be measured using dual-energy xray absorptiometry	At baseline: 1 assessment point
Diet	Diet will be measured using ASA-24h recall	At baseline: 1 assessment point on each menstrual cycle phase

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Maria Fernandez del Valle, PhD, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 16, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): March 16, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 21, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 17, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): July 18, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 4, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 27, 2021
• Last Verified: July 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: carbohydrate metabolism; resistance training; fat oxidation
• Other Study ID Numbers: 111A

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No