Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block Following Upper Extremity Surgery

January 4, 2022 updated by: Bahadir Ciftci, Medipol University

Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Pain Management Following Upper Extremity Surgery

Postoperative pain is important following upper extremity surgery. Postoperative effective pain treatment provides early mobilization and shorter hospital stay.Ultrasound (US)-guided brachial plexus blocks such as interscalen, axillary, infraclavicular and supraclavicular block are usually performed.

The US-guided erector spina plane block (ESPB) is a novel interfacial plan block defined by Forero et al. Local anesthetic injection is administrated into the deep fascia of erector spinae. ESPB provides thoracic analgesia at T5 level, abdominal analgesia at T7-9 level, and lumbar analgesia at T10-12, L3 levels. There are a few case reports about the efficacy of ESPB for acute and chronic shoulder pain. However, there are no randomized clinical studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the US-guided ESPB for postoperative analgesia management after upper extremity surgery.

Study Overview

Status

Withdrawn

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Postoperative pain is an important issue in patients underwent upper extremity surgery. Pain causes a few problems; discomfortable patients, negative outcomes and longer rehabilitation. Postoperative effective pain treatment provides early mobilization and shorter hospital stay, thus complications due to hospitalization such as infection and thromboembolism may be reduced. Various techniques may be used for postoperative pain treatment. Opioids are one of the most preferred drugs among the analgesic agents. Parenteral opioids are generally performed for patients after surgery. However opioids have undesirable adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, itching, sedation and respiratory depression (opioid-related adverse events).

Various methods may be performed to reduce the use of systemic opioids and for effective pain treatment following arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Ultrasound (US)-guided brachial plexus blocks such as interscalen, axillary, infraclavicular and supraclavicular block are commonly used.

US-guided interfascial plane blocks have been used increasily due to the advantages of ultrasound in anesthesia practice. The US-guided erector spina plane block (ESPB) is a novel interfacial plan block defined by Forero et al. at 2016. The ESPB contains a local anesthetic injection into the deep fascia of erector spinae. This area is away from the pleural and neurological structures and thus minimizes the risk of complications due to injury. Visualization of sonoanatomy with US is easy, and the spread of local anesthesic agents can be easily seen under the erector spinae muscle. Thus, analgesia occurs in several dermatomes with cephalad-caudad way. Cadaveric studies have shown that the injection spreads to the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal nerves. ESPB provides thoracic analgesia at T5 level, abdominal analgesia at T7-9 level, and lumbar analgesia at T10-12, L3 levels. To the best of our knowledge, there have been a few case reports about the efficacy of ESPB for acute and chronic shoulder pain. There are no randomized clinical studies, yet.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the US-guided ESPB for postoperative analgesia management after underwent upper extremity surgery. The primary aim is to compare perioperative and postoperative opioid consumption and the secondary aim is to evaluate postoperative pain scores (VAS), adverse effects related with opioids (allergic reaction, nausea, vomiting).

Study Type

Interventional

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
    • Bagcilar
      • Istanbul, Bagcilar, Turkey, 34070
        • Istanbul Medipol University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 65 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-II
  • Scheduled for upper extremity surgery under general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

  • history of bleeding diathesis,
  • receiving anticoagulant treatment,
  • known local anesthetics and opioid allergy,
  • infection of the skin at the site of the needle puncture,
  • pregnancy or lactation,
  • patients who do not accept the procedure

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: TRIPLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Group E = ESPB group
In group E, ESPB will be performed. US probe will be placed longitudinally 2-3 cm lateral to the T2 transvers process. Erector spinae muscle will be visualized on the hyperechoic transverse process. The block needle will be inserted caudo-cranial direction and then for correction of the needle 5 ml saline will be enjected deep into the erector spina muscle fascia. Following confirmation of the correct position of the needle 30 ml %0.25 bupivacaine will be administered for block.
Other: Erector spinae plane block (Group E)

Patients will be administered ibuprofen 400 mgr IV every 8 hours in the postoperative period. Postoperative patient evaluation will be performed by an anesthesiologist blinded to the procedure.

Postoperative pain assessment will be performed using the VAS score (0 = no pain, 10 = the most severe pain felt). The VAS scores at rest and during cough will be recorded at postoperative 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. If the VAS score will be ≥ 4, 0.5 mg/ kg meperidine IV will be administered. Sedation level will be assessed with a 4-point sedation scale (0 = awake, eyes open, 1 = sleepy but responding to verbal stimulus, 2 = sleepy and hard to evoke, 3 = sleepy, not aroused by shaking). The first time of the use of rescue analgesic, intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, side effects such as nausea, vomiting, itching and block related complications will be recorded.
SHAM_COMPARATOR: Group S = Sham block group
In group S, sham block will be performed. US probe will be placed longitudinally 2-3 cm lateral to the T2 transvers process. Erector spinae muscle will be visualized on the hyperechoic transverse process. The block needle will be inserted caudo-cranial direction and then for correction of the needle 5 ml saline will be enjected deep into the erector spina muscle fascia. Following confirmation of the correct position of the needle 30 ml normal saline will be administered for block.
Other: Sham block group (Group S)

Patients will be administered ibuprofen 400 mgr IV every 8 hours in the postoperative period. Postoperative patient evaluation will be performed by an anesthesiologist blinded to the procedure.

Postoperative pain assessment will be performed using the VAS score (0 = no pain, 10 = the most severe pain felt). The VAS scores at rest and during cough will be recorded at postoperative 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. If the VAS score will be ≥ 4, 0.5 mg/ kg meperidine IV will be administered. Sedation level will be assessed with a 4-point sedation scale (0 = awake, eyes open, 1 = sleepy but responding to verbal stimulus, 2 = sleepy and hard to evoke, 3 = sleepy, not aroused by shaking). The first time of the use of rescue analgesic, intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, side effects such as nausea, vomiting, itching and block related complications will be recorded

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Opioid consumption
Time Frame: Change from baseline opioid consumption at postoperative 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours
The primary aim is to compare perioperative and postoperative opioid consumption
Change from baseline opioid consumption at postoperative 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pain scores (Visual analogue scores-VAS)
Time Frame: Changes from baseline pain scores at postoperative 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours.
Postoperative pain assessment will be performed using the VAS score (0 = no pain, 10 = the most severe pain felt). The VAS scores at rest and during cough will be recorded
Changes from baseline pain scores at postoperative 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Medipol University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

October 22, 2019

Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED)

November 30, 2021

Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)

December 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 5, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 7, 2019

First Posted (ACTUAL)

September 10, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

January 20, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 4, 2022

Last Verified

January 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Medipol Hospital 4

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

We will not plan to share IPD

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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