Effects of Distraction Methods on Pain Perceptions and Anxiety Levels in Children During the Blood Collection

Aim:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of music, kaleidoscope and video watching methods on children's pain perception and anxiety level during the blood collection procedures.

Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study was carried out with 134 children in the 5-10 age group in the pediatric blood collection unit of a Training and Research Hospital between August and November 2018. In the study, nonpharmacological methods were applied to the children in the experimental groups (Music Group (n=33), Kaleidoscope Group (n=36), Video Group (n=31). The routine blood collection procedure was used for the children in the control group (n=34). The data were collected using the "Introductory Information Form", "Children's Fear and Anxiety Scale (CFAS)", and the "Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WB-FPRS)".

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Acute Pain; Nursing Caries
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: music group; Other: kaleidoscope group; Other: video group

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 134
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Adiyaman, Turkey, 02100
    • Adiyaman University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 5 years to 10 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• being healthy
• ability to express himself/herself verbally
• no analgesic taken in the last 6 hours
• having no visual or auditory problems

Exclusion Criteria:

• chronic disease
• mental disease
• neurological disease

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: music group; The children in the groups were distracted by listening music 2 minutes before venipuncture, until the process was over.	Other: music group; The children in the groups were distracted by music 2 minutes before venipuncture, until the process was over
Experimental: kaleidescope group; The children in the groups were distracted by kaleidoscope 2 minutes before the blood collection, until the process was over.	Other: kaleidoscope group; The children in the groups were distracted by kaleidoscope 2 minutes before venipuncture, until the process was over
Experimental: video group; The children in the groups were distracted by watching cartoon 2 minutes before the blood collection, until the process was over.	Other: video group; The children in the groups were distracted by watching video 2 minutes before venipuncture, until the process was over
No Intervention: control group; No intervention was made to children in the control group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Children Fear Scale	The Children Fear Scale was used to evaluate the children's fear and anxiety. Children Fear Scale is a 0-4 scale, showing five faces that range from a neutral expression (0 = no anxiety) to a frightened face (4 = severe anxiety). Preprocedural and procedural pain, and anxiety were evaluated	1 minute
Wong Baker Face Pain Scale	The Wong Baker Faces scale is a 0-10 scale. Six faces on the cards show a range of emotions from a smiling face (0 very happy/no pain) to a crying face (10 'hurts worst').	1 minute

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Adiyaman University Research Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 1, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 1, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): November 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 1, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 1, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): October 3, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 15, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 12, 2019
• Last Verified: October 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: children; anxiety; acute pain; nursing; blood collection
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Acute Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: Adiyaman University/2018/2-23

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No