Effect of Trait Anxiety in Women on Oral Health Status and Oral Health Care-Seeking Behavior

March 24, 2021 updated by: Mariam Ayman Amin Sharaf, Ain Shams University

Effect of Trait Anxiety in Women on Oral Health Status and Oral Health Care-Seeking Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study

Trait anxiety is the tendency of an individual to perceive environmental stimuli such as different events and situations as threatening; it's stable and reflects how an individual generally feels.

In 2015, it was estimated that 3.6% of the population lived with anxiety disorders globally, i.e. approximately 264 million people lived with anxiety disorders worldwide of which 31.36 million resided in the Eastern Mediterranean region, that's to say, 10% of the global number of anxiety cases. Moreover, females were more affected than males in a proportion of 4.6% as opposed to 2.6% respectively. The prevalence of anxiety has increased by 14.9% from 2005 to 2015. In addition, in 2017, approximately 42 million new cases were recorded globally.

In Egypt, the total number of anxiety cases were more than 3 million in 2015 thus indicating that 4.2% of the total population lived with anxiety.

Anxiety may affect the individual's utilization of dental services and predispose to a delay in seeking dental treatment and thus might compromise the overall oral health.

Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the effect of trait anxiety on the oral health status of women and determine their behavior towards the utilization of dental services.

To our knowledge, no previous research has been conducted to assess such relationship in Egypt.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Detailed Description

Trait anxiety is a major risk factor for developing anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder, all sharing the same genetic and environmental etiological factors. Another hypothesis is that the etiological factors predispose first to the occurrence of trait anxiety which afterwards, develops into anxiety disorders and clinical depression. Based on this, it's of great importance to be attentive to trait anxiety in clinical practice and research. It's also important to investigate how trait anxiety leads to poorer health outcomes in order to lower its burden and consequences.

Years lived with disability (YLD) is one component that assists in measuring the burden of disease. YLD is the number of years that a person lives with disease. Globally, 24.6 million years lived with disability was due to anxiety disorders. 354 YLD per 100,000 populations were recorded in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Moreover, anxiety ranked the seventh cause of YLD in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Oral disorders (e.g. periodontal disease and dental caries) collectively have been the most prevalent conditions from 1990 to 2017. Globally, 3.4 billion people lived with oral disorders in 2017.

Bruxism by definition is an activity that involves clenching and grinding of the teeth during sleep(nocturnal bruxism) or when awake(diurnal bruxism). Dentists regard bruxism as a major issue due to its consequences, which range from the destruction of the tooth structure and dental restorations to tempro-mandibular joint (TMJ) manifestations as well as temporal headaches reported by the patients. Psychological disorders such as stress and anxiety are risk factors for the development of bruxism in individuals. Results from previous studies on the relationship between anxiety and bruxism were contradictory; while some studies reported an association between anxiety in different age groups and bruxism, other studies denied such relationship. It's important to study the association between common mental disorders and the occurrence of bruxism activity.

High frequency of sugar consumption in food and beverages has been linked to several common mental disorders. Individuals with mood disorders usually follow a diet that has high amounts of sugar and fats and low amount of fibers. Dental caries is majorly dependent on the frequency of sugar intake, in addition to its form and amount. Therefore individuals with common mental disorders are at an increased risk of developing 'rampant caries'. Rampant caries by definition is a progressive and rapidly appearing dental caries with acute onset, which leads to early pulp involvement, and affects a large number of erupted teeth. Therefore it is of great importance for dental practitioners not only to treat the disease outcome, but also to identify the different phases of the disease. According to this, assessing the risk of developing dental caries in mentally vulnerable patients has been of great importance to tailor a preventive approach specially designed for each patient.

Study procedures:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted using electronic databases to identify relevant tools (questionnaires and clinical examination tools) to be used in the present study.
  • Data about socio-demographic characteristics, severity of trait anxiety(assessed by Egyptian version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Y2 form), presence of bruxism activity, self-perceived dental health status and oral health care-seeking behavior will be collected by means of questionnaires.
  • Clinical examination to assess periodontal health condition and caries risk assessment will be conducted.
  • All data, as well as, clinical examination will be conducted via one well-trained investigator.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Anticipated)

451

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Egypt
      • Cairo, Egypt
        • Recruiting
        • Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

20 years to 55 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

A convenient sample of Egyptian women attending Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University for reasons other than seeking dental treatment (e.g. accompanying other patients) will be recruited and enrolled in the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Egyptian women
  • Age range: From late adolescence to early elderly (20-55 years of age)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Women who do not consent to participate in the study.
  • Women who have any diagnosed medical disorders that directly affect their oral health (e.g. Diabetes).
  • Women with any diagnosed mental disorders. (Due to the increased incidence of dental caries and gingival disease in addition to the side effects of psychotropic drugs).
  • Pregnant women. (Due to the affection of gingival and periodontal condition).
  • Women seeking dental treatment.(Otherwise, oral health care-seeking behavior will be biased).

Their number will be reported by a flow chart.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Presence of gingival and periodontal disease
Time Frame: February 2020-November 2020
Community Periodontal Index(CPI) on a scale that ranges from 0 to 4, where 0 indicates healthy gingival condition and 4 indicates unhealthy gingival condition (periodontitis)
February 2020-November 2020
Risk of developing dental caries
Time Frame: February 2020-November 2020
American Dental Association (ADA) caries risk assessment tool adult form
February 2020-November 2020
Reports of bruxism activity
Time Frame: February 2020-November 2020

Self-reported questionnaire which includes six questions with good content and face validity to assess bruxism activity on a 4-point Likert scale.

This questionnaire was translated into Arabic language in the current study. This questionnaire is conducted in the form of an interview.
February 2020-November 2020

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Oral health care-seeking behavior
Time Frame: February 2020-December 2020

Five self-reported English questions adopted from previous studies for the same purpose. Those questions were translated into Arabic language in the current study.

This questionnaire is conducted in the form of an interview.
February 2020-December 2020
Self-perceived dental health status
Time Frame: February 2020-December 2020
Participants are asked to rate their dental health status on 6-point scale from 'excellent' to 'very poor'.
February 2020-December 2020

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Ain Shams University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Mariam Sharaf, Masters, Ain Shams University
  • Study Director: Amira Badran, PhD, Ain Shams University
  • Study Director: Reham Abou ElFadl, PhD, Ain Shams University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 5, 2020

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

November 30, 2021

Study Completion (Anticipated)

December 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 16, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 16, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

February 18, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 26, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 24, 2021

Last Verified

March 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 830

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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