Effectiveness of SNF and SBCC to Prevent Stunting Among Children in Afghanistan: a Quasi-experimental Study

Effectiveness of Specialized Nutritious Foods, Social and Behavior Change Communication Interventions to Prevent Stunting Among Children in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan: a Quasi-experimental Study

Over the years, there has been some progress made in reducing stunting in Afghanistan, the prevalence remains high with half of the provinces experiencing rates above the WHO alert threshold. As part of the Country Strategic Plan (CSP), the World Food Programme (WFP) plans to implement a stunting prevention programme in collaboration with Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) through its Public Nutrition Department (PND) in selected locations with stunting rates above 45%. The programme will emphasis on appropriate nutrition support in the '1000 days' window of opportunity with special focus on proven effective nutrition interventions such appropriate breast feeding, complementary feeding, micronutrient supplementation, malnutrition treatment and prevention, WASH.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Stunting; Malnutrition, Child
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Super Cereal - wheat soya blend with sugar; Dietary supplement: Lipid-based nutrient supplement-medium quantity (LNS-MQ); Behavioral: Social and behavior change communication (SBCC)

Detailed Description

Over the years, there has been some progress made in reducing stunting in Afghanistan, the prevalence remains high with half of the provinces experiencing rates above the WHO alert threshold. As part of the Country Strategic Plan (CSP), the World Food Programme (WFP) plans to implement a stunting prevention programme in collaboration with Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) through its Public Nutrition Department (PND) in selected locations with stunting rates above 45%. The programme will emphasis on appropriate nutrition support in the '1000 days' window of opportunity with special focus on proven effective nutrition interventions such appropriate breast feeding, complementary feeding, micronutrient supplementation, malnutrition treatment and prevention, WASH. This will therefore take the form of an integrated approach ensuring the targeted beneficiaries are supported to access nutrition assistance as well as other complimentary interventions provided in-kind by study partners or promoted through social and behaviour change communication (SBCC). WFP will target pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and children aged 6-23 months but will also engage men and players that influence maternal infant and young child nutrition practices. Through this programme, children aged 6-23 months will receive lipid-based nutrient supplement - medium quantity (LNS-MQ) to complement their diets while PLW will receive Super Cereal - wheat soya blend with sugar.

An operational research study was embedded in the stunting prevention programme by credible third-party to determine the extent to which the new actions will influence nutrition outcomes and practices. Introducing the provision of SNF, SBCC as well as formulation and adoption of local culturally acceptable recipes for complementary feeding from locally available nutritious food would be new additions to the current Community Based Nutrition Program (CBNP) package in the implementation phase. During the project implementation, emphasis will be placed will be placed on the adoption of the locally formulated complementary foods as well as application of knowledge and practices promoted through the SBCC activities as part of the exit strategy and ensuring a lasting impact of the project.

Therefore, the Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan proposes an operational research study with mix-methods including formative research, quasi-experimental design to evaluate the stunting prevention programme and process evaluations for stronger evidence base on the effectiveness of proposed interventions on prevention of stunting and developing viable programmes on nutrition under "real" operational conditions.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 33100
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Sajid B Soofi, MBBS, FCPS; Phone Number: 4798 +92 21 3486 4798; Email: sajid.soofi@aku.edu
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Gul N Khan, MA, MPH; Phone Number: 8001 + 92 3008298976; Email: gul.nawaz@aku.edu

Study Locations

• Afghanistan
  • Badakhshan
    • Faizabad, Badakhshan, Afghanistan
      • Aga Khan Health Services

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 6 months to 49 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant and lactating women
• Children 6-23 months
• Willing to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

• Non pregnant and lactating women
• Children >24 months
• Refuse to participate

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention; Pregnant and lactating women (PLW) will receive Super Cereal - wheat soya blend with sugar and children aged 6-23 months will receive lipid-based nutrient supplement-medium quantity (LNS-MQ). Social and behavior change communication (SBCC), community mobilization, referrals, identification of model families, food demonstrations, local recipe) ration/beneficiary entitlement cards will be provided for easy verification and tracking during delivery of intervention.	Dietary supplement: Super Cereal - wheat soya blend with sugar; Pregnant and lactating women will received Super Cereal during pregnancy and first six months of lactation.; Dietary supplement: Lipid-based nutrient supplement-medium quantity (LNS-MQ); Children will receive LNS during 6-23 months of age.; Behavioral: Social and behavior change communication (SBCC); SBCC will be provided to improve care-givers knowledge, attitudes and practices related to infant and young child feeding.
No Intervention: Control; Control districts will receive routine health care services available in the study area.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Reduction in stunting	10% reduction in stunting among children 6-23 months in the intervention compare to control	18 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Aga Khan University
• Collaborators: United Nations World Food Programme (WFP); Aga Khan Health Services; Ministry of public Health Afghanistan; The Aga Khan Foundation
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sajid B Soofi, MBBS, FCPS, Aga Khan University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 31, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 8, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 8, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): October 9, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 16, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 15, 2023
• Last Verified: August 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Children; Afghanistan; Stunting; Social and Behavior Change Communication; Specialized Nutritious Foods
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Nutrition Disorders; Malnutrition; Growth Disorders; Child Nutrition Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: Stunting Study Afghanistan

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No