Safety and Immunogenicity of an Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (BBV154) for COVID-19

A Phase 1, Randomized, Double-blinded, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Reactogenicity, Safety, and Immunogenicity of an Intranasal Adenovirus Vector COVID-19 Vaccine (BBV154) in Healthy Volunteers

The study is designed to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of three groups of healthy volunteers who receive either intranasal single dose (vaccine on Day 0 and placebo on Day 28) or two-dose (vaccine on Day 0 and 28) of BBV154 vaccine or Placebo (on Day 0 and day 28). A total of 175 subjects will be enrolled in 2:2:1 ratio and will be conducted in a double-blinded manner.

To assess the safety of the vaccine, each participant will record symptoms in a diary card for 7 days after each dose. Safety and laboratory tests and physical exams will also be performed.

Blood samples and saliva samples be collected to assess the immune response from the vaccine.

An interim report based on the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine (BBV154) will be notified to the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), India, for further progressing the clinical development of the vaccine. This unblinded interim report will contain a detailed analysis of the data based on the primary and secondary objectives of all visits through Day 42 (Immunogenicity & Safety).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: SARS-CoV Infection
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: Placebo; Biological: BBV154 Vaccine

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 175
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• India
  • Hyderabad, India
    • St.Theresa Hospital, Hyderabad
  • Nagpur, India
    • Gillurkar Multispeciality Hospital,Nagpur
  • Bihar
    • Patna, Bihar, India
      • AIIMS,Patna
  • Tamil Nadu
    • Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
      • Apollo Hospitals,Chennai

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ability to provide written informed consent.
2. Participants of either gender of age between ≥18 to ≤60 years.
3. Good general health as determined by the discretion of investigator (vital signs (heart rate ≥60 to≤100 bpm; blood pressure systolic ≥90 mm Hg and <140 mm Hg; diastolic ≥ 60 mm Hg and <90 mm Hg; oral temperature <100.4ºF), medical history, and physical examination).
4. Expressed interest and availability to fulfil the study requirements.
5. For a female participant of child-bearing potential, planning to avoid becoming pregnant (use of an effective method of contraception or abstinence) from the time of study enrolment until at least four weeks after the last vaccination.
6. Male subjects of reproductive potential: Use of condoms to ensure effective contraception with the female partner from first vaccination until 3 months after last vaccination.
7. Male subjects agree to refrain from sperm donation from the time of first vaccination until 3 months after last vaccination.
8. Participants must refrain from blood or plasma donation from the time of first vaccination until 3 months after last vaccination.
9. Agrees not to participate in another clinical trial at any time during the study period.
10. Agrees to remain in the study area for the entire duration of the study.
11. Willing to allow storage and future use of biological samples for future research.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of any other COVID-19 investigational/or licensed vaccination.

2. Unacceptable laboratory abnormality from screening (prior to first vaccination) or safety testing, as listed below [Abnormal Complete Blood Count (CBC), Random blood sugar level, Renal function test (serum urea and Creatinine), liver function tests, urine analysis report, Positive serology for hepatitis C or HIV antibody or hepatitis B surface antigen].

   (Subjects will be informed if their results are positive for hepatitis C, HIV 1 & 2 antibody or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and will be referred to a primary care provider for follow up of these abnormal laboratory tests.)

3. Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 at the time of screening using RT-PCR and ELISA or CLIA method.
4. History of facial nerve paralysis
5. History of cold, sneezing, nasal obstruction in the past 3 days.
6. Prescribed usage of any nasal spray/or nasal drop medication.
7. Any significant abnormality altering the anatomy of the nose in a substantial way or nasopharynx that may interfere with the aims of the study and in particular any of the nasal assessments or viral challenge (historical nasal polyps can be included, but large nasal polyps causing current and significant symptoms and/or requiring regular treatments in the last month are excluded)
8. For women of child bearing potential, a positive serum pregnancy test (during screening within 45 days of enrolment) or positive urine pregnancy test (within 24 hours of administering each dose of vaccine).
9. Temperature >38.0°C (100.4°F) or symptoms of an acute self-limited illness such as an upper respiratory infection or gastroenteritis within three days prior to each dose of vaccine.
10. Medical problems as a result of alcohol or illicit drug use during the past 12 months.
11. Receipt of an experimental agent (vaccine, drug, device, etc.) within 60 days before enrolment or expects to receive an investigational agent during the study period.
12. Receipt of any licensed vaccine within four weeks before enrolment in this study.
13. Known sensitivity to any ingredient of the study vaccines, or a more severe allergic reaction and history of allergies in the past.
14. Receipt of immunoglobulin or other blood products within the three months prior to vaccination in this study.
15. Immunosuppression as a result of an underlying illness or treatment with immunosuppressive or cytotoxic drugs, or use of anticancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy within the preceding 36 months.
16. Long-term use (> 2 weeks) of oral or parenteral steroids (glucocorticoids) or high-dose inhaled steroids (>800 mcg/day of beclomethasone dipropionate or equivalent) within the preceding six months (nasal and topical steroids are allowed).
17. Any history of hereditary angioedema or idiopathic angioedema.
18. Any history of anaphylaxis in relation to vaccination.
19. Any history of albumin-intolerance.
20. Pregnancy, lactation, or willingness/intention to become pregnant during the study.
21. History of any cancer.
22. History of severe psychiatric conditions likely to affect participation in the study.
23. A bleeding disorder (e.g. factor deficiency, coagulopathy or platelet disorder, or prior history of significant bleeding or bruising following IM injections or venepuncture.
24. Any other serious chronic illness requiring hospital specialist supervision.
25. Chronic respiratory diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), including mild asthma.
26. Chronic cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, liver disease, renal disease, endocrine disorder, and neurological illness
27. Morbidly obese (BMI≥35 kg/m2) or underweight (BMI ≤18 kg/m2).
28. Living in the same household of any COVID-19 positive person.
29. Any other condition that in the opinion of the investigator would jeopardize the safety or rights of a volunteer participating in the trial or would render the subject unable to comply with the protocol. Re-Vaccination Exclusion Criteri.
30. Pregnancy.
31. Anaphylactic reaction following administration of the investigational vaccine.
32. Virologically confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: BBV154: Single Dose; Group 1 (Single dose group): In this group, 70 participants will be recruited and administered with vaccine (BBV154) on day 0 and with placebo on day 28 via intranasal route.	Biological: BBV154 Vaccine; Replication deficient Adenoviral vector-based (expressing a stabilized spike protein) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV154) NLT 1X10^10 Virus Particle.
Experimental: BBV154: Two Dose; Group 2 (Two-dose group): In this group, 70 participants will be recruited and administered with vaccine (BBV154) on both day 0 and on day 28 via intranasal route.	Biological: BBV154 Vaccine; Replication deficient Adenoviral vector-based (expressing a stabilized spike protein) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV154) NLT 1X10^10 Virus Particle.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Group 3 (Placebo): In this group, 35 participants will be recruited and administered with placebo on both day 0 and day 28 via intranasal route.	Biological: Placebo; Placebo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Incidence of immediate adverse events.	within 2 hours post each vaccination
The incidence of solicited local and systemic adverse events	within 7 days post each vaccination
The incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs)	Through study completion, an average of 6 months
The incidence of unsolicited adverse events	Through study completion, an average of 6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
To evaluate the humoral immune responses of BBV154	GMT and four-fold seroconversion rate (SCR) of neutralizing antibodies (NAb's) by MNT/PRNT assays across the three groups.	Through study completion, an average of 6 months
To compare the humoral responses between single dose group and double dose group.	GMT and four-fold seroconversion rate (SCR) of neutralizing antibodies (NAb's) by MNT/PRNT assays across the three groups.	Through study completion, an average of 6 months
To evaluate the immune responses against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus and Adenovirus vector	GMT and four-fold seroconversion rate of binding antibodies (bAb's) IgA and IgG against spike protein across the three groups. Immune response (binding/ or neutralization) to the vector will be assessed by ELISA	Through study completion, an average of 6 months
Vaccine induced cell mediated antigen specific T-cell responses across the three groups.	IFN-gamma (ELISPOT)	Through study completion, an average of 6 months
Vaccine induced cell mediated antigen specific cytokines across the three groups. To evaluate the vaccine induced Cell mediated immune response.	Th1/Th2 profiling	Through study completion, an average of 6 months
To evaluate the vaccine secretory IgA antibody response.		Through study completion, an average of 6 months
To evaluate the safety of the vaccine in terms of assessing adverse event of special interest (AESI)		Through study completion, an average of 6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Bharat Biotech International Limited

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Hassan AO, Kafai NM, Dmitriev IP, Fox JM, Smith BK, Harvey IB, Chen RE, Winkler ES, Wessel AW, Case JB, Kashentseva E, McCune BT, Bailey AL, Zhao H, VanBlargan LA, Dai YN, Ma M, Adams LJ, Shrihari S, Danis JE, Gralinski LE, Hou YJ, Schäfer A, Kim AS, Keeler SP, Weiskopf D, Baric RS, Holtzman MJ, Fremont DH, Curiel DT, Diamond MS. A Single-Dose Intranasal ChAd Vaccine Protects Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts against SARS-CoV-2. Cell. 2020 Oct 1;183(1):169-184.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.026. Epub 2020 Aug 19.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 25, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): November 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 8, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 11, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): February 12, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 18, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 17, 2022
• Last Verified: August 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Coronavirus Infections; Coronaviridae Infections; Nidovirales Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: BBIL/BBV154/2020

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No