SRS Compared With FSRS for Treatment of Intact Metastatic Brain Disease, FRACTIONATE Trial

Phase IIR Trial of Single Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) Compared With Fractionated SRS (FSRS) for Intact Metastatic Brain Disease (FRACTIONATE)

This phase II trial compares the effect of single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery to fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of patients with cancer that has spread to the brain (metastatic brain disease). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a form of radiation therapy that focuses high-power energy on a small area of the body. This trial is being done to determine if single (one) fraction stereotactic radiosurgery is better than fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery or vice versa in controlling tumor and side effects in patients with tumors that have spread to the brain.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Metastatic Malignant Solid Neoplasm; Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Questionnaire Administration; Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radiation: Stereotactic Radiosurgery; Radiation: Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To ascertain if the composite endpoint of cumulative treatment failure, defined by time to either local failure or symptomatic radiation brain necrosis of the largest brain metastasis (target lesion), is increased with fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS) compared to single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To ascertain whether there is improved overall survival in patients who undergo FSRS compared to patients who receive SSRS.

II. To tabulate and descriptively compare the post-treatment adverse events associated with the interventions, including the potential impact of immunotherapy and targeted therapy.

III. To compare rates of radiation necrosis in patients who receive FSRS to patients who receive SSRS.

IV. To evaluate if there is any difference in central nervous system (CNS) failure patterns (e.g. local, distant brain failure) in patients who receive FSRS compared to patients who receive SSRS.

V. To ascertain whether FSRS prolongs time to neurologic death as compared to SRS.

VI. To determine whether there is improved patient reported outcomes (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy [FACT]-Brain Symptom Index [FBrSI]-24) including quality of life for patients who receive FSRS compared to patients who receive SSRS.

VII. To evaluate if there is any difference in CNS failure patterns (e.g. local, distant brain failure) and symptomatic radiation necrosis rates in patients who are treated with gamma knife compared to patients who are treated with a linear accelerator platform.

VIII. To determine whether differences in time to local failure, time to necrosis, or their composite endpoint cumulative treatment failure differs between treatment arms (or other patient or treatment factors) when analyzed on a "per lesion" basis rather than the per patient basis utilized for the primary endpoint.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.

ARM A: Patients undergo single fraction SRS. Patients also undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at screening and during follow up.

ARM B: Patients undergo fractionated SRS, for 3-5 treatments, given over no more than 8 days. Patients also undergo MRI at screening and during follow up.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 3 months, every 3 months for 2 years, and then every 6 months for 3 years.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 90
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Clinical Trials Referral Office; Phone Number: 855-776-0015; Email: mayocliniccancerstudies@mayo.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • Arizona
    • Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85259
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic in Arizona
      • Contact: Clinical Trials Referral Office; Phone Number: 855-776-0015; Email: mayocliniccancerstudies@mayo.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Sujay A. Vora, MD
  • Florida
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32224
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic in Florida
      • Contact: Clinical Trials Referral Office; Phone Number: 855-776-0015; Email: mayocliniccancerstudies@mayo.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Jennifer L. Peterson, MD
  • Minnesota
    • Albert Lea, Minnesota, United States, 56007
      • Not yet recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic Health System in Albert Lea
      • Contact: Clinical Trials Referral Office; Phone Number: 855-776-0015; Email: mayocliniccancerstudies@mayo.edu
      • Principal Investigator: John Yeakel, MD
      • Contact: Lori Rhodes; Phone Number: 507-284-0063; Email: Rhodes.Lori@mayo.edu
    • Mankato, Minnesota, United States, 56001
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic Health Systems-Mankato
      • Contact: Clinical Trials Referral Office; Phone Number: 855-776-0015; Email: mayocliniccancerstudies@mayo.edu
      • Contact: Lori Rhodes; Phone Number: 507-284-0063; Email: Rhodes.Lori@mayo.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Jason T. Hayes, MD
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic in Rochester
      • Principal Investigator: Paul D. Brown, M.D.
      • Contact: Clinical Trials Referral Office; Phone Number: 855-776-0015; Email: mayocliniccancerstudies@mayo.edu
  • Wisconsin
    • Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States, 54701
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic Health System-Eau Claire Clinic
      • Contact: Clinical Trials Referral Office; Phone Number: 855-776-0015; Email: mayocliniccancerstudies@mayo.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Now Bahar Alam, MD
      • Contact: Lori Rhodes; Phone Number: 507-284-0063; Email: Rhodes.Lori@mayo.edu
    • La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States, 54601
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic Health System-Franciscan Healthcare
      • Contact: Clinical Trials Referral Office; Phone Number: 855-776-0015; Email: mayocliniccancerstudies@mayo.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Abigail L. Stockham, MD
      • Contact: Lori Rhodes; Phone Number: 507-284-0063; Email: Rhodes.Lori@mayo.edu

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age >= 18 years old

• Presence of presumed brain metastases from an extra-cerebral tumor site (e.g. lung, breast, prostate, etc.)

  • Note: Dural based metastases (e.g. commonly seen in breast cancer) are eligible

• Size of brain metastases

  • At least one intact metastasis (not previously treated with radiosurgery) must measure >= 2.0 cm and =< 4.0 cm in maximal extent on the contrasted pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan obtained =< 28 days prior to registration
  • If the largest lesion measures >= 2.0 to =< 4.0 cm in maximal extent the patient will be randomized
• Able to undergo contrast enhanced MRI brain
• Negative urine or serum pregnancy test completed =< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only
• Patient is willing and able to provide written informed consent or have a legally Authorized Representative (LAR) who is responsible for the care and well-being of the potential study participant provide consent.
• Karnofsky performance status (KPS) >= 50
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score of (PS) >= 2

• Past radiosurgery or resection is allowed as long as no definitive evidence of progression in these locations

  • Note: Repeat radiosurgery to the same location/lesion is not allowed on this protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any patient who has received previous whole brain radiation
• Any brain metastasis that is located in the brainstem measuring >= 2.0 cm in maximal extent

• Any patient with definitive evidence of leptomeningeal metastasis (LMD)

  • NOTE: For the purposes of exclusion, LMD is a clinical diagnosis, defined as positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and/or unequivocal radiologic or clinical evidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Patients with leptomeningeal symptoms in the setting of leptomeningeal enhancement by imaging (MRI) would be considered to have LMD even in the absence of positive CSF cytology, unless a parenchymal lesion can adequately explain the neurologic symptoms and/or signs. In contrast, an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient with mild or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement (MRI) would not be considered to have LMD. In that patient, CSF sampling is not required to formally exclude LMD, but can be performed at the investigator's discretion based on level of clinical suspicion
• Any patient with an intact brain metastasis measuring > 4.0 cm

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Arm A (single fraction SRS); Patients undergo single fraction SRS. Patients also undergo MRI at screening and during follow up.	Other: Questionnaire Administration; Ancillary studies; Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Undergo MRI; Other Names: MRI; Magnetic Resonance; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan; MR; MR Imaging; MRI Scan; NMR Imaging; NMRI; Medical Imaging; Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); sMRI; Magnetic resonance imaging (procedure); MRIs; Structural MRI; Radiation: Stereotactic Radiosurgery; Undergo single fraction SRS; Other Names: Stereotactic External Beam Irradiation; stereotactic external-beam radiation therapy; Stereotactic Radiotherapy; stereotaxic radiation therapy; stereotaxic radiosurgery; Stereotactic Radiation Therapy; SRS; Radiation: Stereotactic Radiosurgery; Undergo fractionated SRS; Other Names: Stereotactic External Beam Irradiation; stereotactic external-beam radiation therapy; Stereotactic Radiotherapy; stereotaxic radiation therapy; stereotaxic radiosurgery; Stereotactic Radiation Therapy; SRS
Other: Arm B (fractionated SRS); Patients undergo fractionated SRS, for 3-5 treatments, given over no more than 8 days.. Patients also undergo MRI at screening and during follow up.	Other: Questionnaire Administration; Ancillary studies; Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Undergo MRI; Other Names: MRI; Magnetic Resonance; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan; MR; MR Imaging; MRI Scan; NMR Imaging; NMRI; Medical Imaging; Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); sMRI; Magnetic resonance imaging (procedure); MRIs; Structural MRI; Radiation: Stereotactic Radiosurgery; Undergo single fraction SRS; Other Names: Stereotactic External Beam Irradiation; stereotactic external-beam radiation therapy; Stereotactic Radiotherapy; stereotaxic radiation therapy; stereotaxic radiosurgery; Stereotactic Radiation Therapy; SRS; Radiation: Stereotactic Radiosurgery; Undergo fractionated SRS; Other Names: Stereotactic External Beam Irradiation; stereotactic external-beam radiation therapy; Stereotactic Radiotherapy; stereotaxic radiation therapy; stereotaxic radiosurgery; Stereotactic Radiation Therapy; SRS

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Time to local failure or symptomatic radiation brain necrosis of large brain metastasis	Will determine if the composite endpoint of time to local failure or symptomatic radiation brain necrosis of a large brain metastasis [cumulative treatment failure (CTF)] is increased with fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS) compared to single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS).	Up to 5 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall survival (OS)	OS will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, where the log-rank test will be used to compare the 2 treatment arms. Medians and 95% confidence intervals will be reported.	From study entry to death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years
Incidence of adverse events	The maximum grade for each type of adverse event will be summarized using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. The frequency and percentage of grade 3+ adverse events will be compared between the 2 treatment arms. Comparisons between arms will be made by using either the Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test.	Up to 2 years post radiation therapy
Central nervous system (CNS) failure patterns (Fractionation)	Will evaluate if there is any difference in CNS failure patterns (e.g. local, distant brain failure) in patients who receive FSRS compared to patients who receive SSRS. Comparisons between arms will be made by using either the Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test.	Up to 5 years
Time to neurologic death	Will ascertain whether FSRS prolongs time to neurologic death as compared to SSRS. This will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, where the log-rank test will be used to compare the 2 treatment arms. Medians and 95% confidence intervals will be reported.	Up to 5 years
Quality of life (QOL)	Will determine whether there are improved patient reported outcomes (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy [FACT]-Brain Symptom Index [FBrSI]-24) including quality of life for patients who receive FSRS compared to patients who receive SSRS. Changes over time in QOL from baseline will be compared between arms using the 2-sample t-test (or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test for non-normal data). Box-plots will be used to show differences between arms graphically.	Up to 5 years
CNS failure patterns (Gamma Knife)	Will evaluate if there is any difference in CNS failure patterns (e.g. local, distant brain failure) and symptomatic radiation necrosis rates in patients who are treated with Gamma Knife compared to patients who are treated with a linear accelerator platform. Comparisons between arms will be made by using either the Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test.	Up to 5 years
Rates of radiation necrosis	Will compare rates of radiation necrosis in patients who receive FSRS to patients who receive SSRS. Comparisons between arms will be made by using either the Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test.	Up to 5 years
Per lesion analysis between treatment arms: time to local failure	Will determine whether differences in time to local failure differs between treatment arms (or other patient or treatment factors) when analyzed on a "per lesion" basis rather than the per patient basis utilized for the primary endpoint. Time-to-event models (Cox and Kaplan- Meier) with sandwich estimators for covariance will be utilized to in treatment comparisons, with model comparisons completed through log-likelihood and Akaike Information Criterion.	Up to 5 years
Per lesion analysis between treatment arms: time to necrosis	Will determine whether differences in time to necrosis differs between treatment arms (or other patient or treatment factors) when analyzed on a "per lesion" basis rather than the per patient basis utilized for the primary endpoint. Time-to-event models (Cox and Kaplan- Meier) with sandwich estimators for covariance will be utilized to in treatment comparisons, with model comparisons completed through log-likelihood and Akaike Information Criterion.	Up to 5 years
Per lesion analysis between treatment arms: endpoint CTF	Will determine whether differences in the composite endpoint CTF differs between treatment arms (or other patient or treatment factors) when analyzed on a "per lesion" basis rather than the per patient basis utilized for the primary endpoint. Time-to-event models (Cox and Kaplan- Meier) with sandwich estimators for covariance will be utilized to in treatment comparisons, with model comparisons completed through log-likelihood and Akaike Information Criterion.	Up to 5 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mayo Clinic
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Paul D. Brown, MD, Mayo Clinic in Rochester

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Mayo Clinic Clinical Trials

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 14, 2022
• Primary Completion (Estimated): February 15, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): February 15, 2028

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 11, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 24, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): February 3, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 13, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 9, 2026
• Last Verified: April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Processes; Nervous System Neoplasms; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Brain Neoplasms; Investigative Techniques; Therapeutics; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Physical Phenomena; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Spectrum Analysis; Electromagnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Phenomena; Radiotherapy; Stereotaxic Techniques; Neurosurgical Procedures; Electromagnetic Radiation; Radiation; Radiation, Ionizing; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Radiosurgery; X-Rays
• Other Study ID Numbers: GMROR2163 (Mayo Clinic in Rochester); NCI-2021-14230 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); 21-003768 (Other Identifier: Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No