Acute Effects of Low and High-Speed Resistance Training on Blood Pressure in Older Adults: A Crossover Study

The first study was a randomized crossover trial that compared the acute effects of High Speed Resistance Exercise (HSRE) and Traditional Resistance Exercise (TRE) on blood pressure parameters in a sample of frail older adults. Participants performed three experimental sessions (i.e., HSRE, TRE, and a control session [CS]) in a random order and separated from one another by seven days (standard deviation [±] 1 day). Food consumption was maintained constant during 48 h prior to the exercise session and a standard breakfast was offered 60-90 min before the beginning of the experimental sessions. The pharmacological therapy was kept constant during the whole study, and participants took their anti-hypertensive medication at the same time in all experimental days as prescribed by their physician.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Frailty; Blood Pressure
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Exercise

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 16
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Brazil
  • SP
    • Poá, SP, Brazil, 08562-460
      • Lar Mãe Mariana Nursing Home

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 60 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

- Aged ≥60 years; Frail according to Fried's criteria (Fried et al., 2009); Possessed sufficient physical and cognitive abilities to perform all exercises required by the protocol; Had a physician authorization to participate of exercise programs.

Exclusion Criteria:

Participation in a structured physical exercise training program in the past six months; Prescription of hormone replacement therapy and/or psychotropic drugs; Presence of any acute cardiovascular event (e.g., myocardial infarction) or complication in the past six months.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: High Speed Resistance Exercise (HSRE); Exercise sessions performed using eight times (sets) with 4-5 repetitions at 70-75% of the maximal strength. The concentric phase was performed as fast as possible, and the eccentric phase was carried out for 2 s.	Other: Exercise; Exercise sessions were performed in the morning (07:00 am-12:00 am) under the supervision of at least two fitness instructors in the rehabilitation unit of the nursing home.HSRE and TRE were designed according to the peculiarities of each type of resistance exercise (Chodzko-Zajko et al., 2009). During TRE, participants performed four sets of 8-10 repetitions at 70-75% of the maximal strength. The concentric and eccentric phases were carried out for 2 s. For HSRE, exercises were performed eight times (sets) with 4-5 repetitions at 70-75% of the maximal strength. The concentric phase was performed as fast as possible, and the eccentric phase was carried out for 2 s. Bilateral calf raise was performed using the same load as unilateral knee extension.
Experimental: Traditional Resistance Exercise (TRE); Exercise sessions were performed using four sets of 8-10 repetitions at 70-75% of the maximal strength. The concentric and eccentric phases were carried out for 2 s.	Other: Exercise; Exercise sessions were performed in the morning (07:00 am-12:00 am) under the supervision of at least two fitness instructors in the rehabilitation unit of the nursing home.HSRE and TRE were designed according to the peculiarities of each type of resistance exercise (Chodzko-Zajko et al., 2009). During TRE, participants performed four sets of 8-10 repetitions at 70-75% of the maximal strength. The concentric and eccentric phases were carried out for 2 s. For HSRE, exercises were performed eight times (sets) with 4-5 repetitions at 70-75% of the maximal strength. The concentric phase was performed as fast as possible, and the eccentric phase was carried out for 2 s. Bilateral calf raise was performed using the same load as unilateral knee extension.
No Intervention: Control Session (CS); Participants remained seated in a comfortable chair listening to music and/or talking with study investigators for approximately 30 min.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure	Immediately after the end of the experimental sessions
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure	10 minutes after the end of the experimental sessions
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure	20 minutes after the end of the experimental sessions
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure	30 minutes after the end of the experimental sessions
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure	50 minutes after the end of the experimental sessions
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure	60 minutes after the end of the experimental sessions
Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure	24 hours after the end of the experimental sessions

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Campinas, Brazil

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 31, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 23, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 30, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): April 4, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 4, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 30, 2022
• Last Verified: March 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Frailty
• Other Study ID Numbers: 20021919

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No