Fitness After Stroke Trial (FAST)

Investigating Exercise Prescription Parameters on Aerobic Fitness and Vascular Health After Stroke: A Pilot Study

People living with stroke have very low aerobic fitness, which can negatively impact brain health. Identifying the best exercise which includes exercise stimulus type (interval, continuous) or intensity, how hard to exercise (moderate, high) that benefit aerobic fitness, vascular health, and the brain's main blood vessels after stroke are unknown. This study is designed to determine the preliminary efficacy of high-volume HIIT to moderate intensity exercise using a seated stepper exercise device that allows the arms and legs to move back and forth.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Stroke; Stroke, Ischemic; Stroke Hemorrhagic
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Exercise MICT; Behavioral: Exercise HIIT

Detailed Description

People with stroke often experience physical decline and aerobic fitness that can be reversed through exercise. Evidence has shown that participating in exercise benefits aerobic fitness and vascular health while less is known about brain health. However, the optimal exercise dose such as intensity and exercise type (continuous, interval) are not yet known.

The long-term goal of this project is to develop and test strategies to be implemented in larger clinical trials to improve health in people living with stroke. For this preliminary efficacy trial, the Investigator will enroll 50 participants with chronic stroke, age 20-85 years, into a 4-week exercise program. Participants will be allocated to one of the following groups using minimization, a type of randomization based on the lower extremity Fugl-Meyer score: 1) moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), that serves as the control, or 2) high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Exercise will be performed on a recumbent stepper. The Investigator will: Assess the preliminary efficacy of HIIT on aerobic fitness (Aim 1), cerebrovascular hemodynamics (Aim 2), and vascular function (Aim 3).

Current exercise recommendations for stroke use general exercise prescription principles for older adults and are not grounded on data generated from large, well-designed, randomized controlled trials in stroke. If aerobic exercise could be proven to reduce the number of "years of life lived with disability," it would offer a key strategy for: 1) minimizing dependence on caregiver support, 2) reducing overall healthcare costs, and 3) extending quality of life for individuals after stroke. This proposed trial will address an important gap in knowledge for both the scientific and clinical communities and provide essential data that will contribute to future exercise prescription recommendations focused on stroke.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 59
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Kansas
    • Kansas City, Kansas, United States, 66160
      • University of Kansas Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Both sexes between the age of 20-85 years at time of consent
• Chronic ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke 6 months to 15 years at consent. People with stroke and newly diagnosed cardiovascular complications had >50% prevalence of recurrent stroke at 5 years. Index stroke or recurrent stroke on same side as index stroke will be allowed.
• Ability to walk over ground with assistive devices and no continuous physical assistance from another person to perform tests for gait speed and six-minute walk test
• Exercise continuously for minimum of 30 watts for 3 minutes on the recumbent stepper to demonstrate ability to perform the exercise test.
• No aerobic exercise contraindications or other safety/physical concerns during the submaximal exercise test.
• Able to communicate with investigators, follow 2-step command & correctly answer consent comprehension questions
• Currently participating in less than 150 minutes of physical activity/week assessed by the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity
• Stable blood pressure & statin medication doses for 30 days prior to enrollment due to effects on vascular health/hemodynamics

Exclusion Criteria:

• Hospitalization for cardiac or pulmonary disease within past 3 months
• Implanted pacemaker or defibrillator limiting exercise performance
• Reported pain that limits or interferes with activities of daily living and physical activity/exercise
• Severe LE spasticity (Ashworth >2) due to inability to exercise
• Recent history (<3 months) of illicit drug or alcohol abuse or diagnosis of significant mental illness
• Major post-stroke depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9 ≥ 1084)
• Currently participating in physical therapy targeting lower extremity function or another interventional study that may influence study outcomes
• Other significant neurologic, orthopedic or peripheral vascular conditions that would limit exercise participation
• Oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Diagnosis of other neurological disease (Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease)
• Self report pregnancy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Moderate intensity, continuous training (MICT); After a 5-minute warm-up at 30% peak watts, MICT will consist of continuous exercise for 25 minutes at 55% of peak watts (range: 45%-65%). The average heart rate for each individual session should not exceed 70% (60-70%) of HR maximum to align with current exercise recommendations for stroke. An active cool-down (20% peak workload) at comfortable stepping pace occurs immediately after the intervention.	Behavioral: Exercise MICT; Standard of care, exercise recommendations for people with stroke; Other Names: aerobic exercise
Active Comparator: High intensity, interval exercise (HIIT); After the 5-minute warm-up at 30% peak watts, HIIT will consist of repeated 1-minute, high intensity bursts ("on" interval) alternated with 1-minute interval recovery ("off" interval) for 25 minutes. The "on" interval will begin at 70% of peak watts (range: 65%-95%) followed by the "off" interval at 10% of peak watts. The average HR for the "on" intervals will not exceed 85% age predicted maximum (75-85%). There will be 13 minutes of "on" and 12 minutes of "off" interval exercise. An active cool-down (20% peak workload) at comfortable stepping pace occurs immediately after the intervention.	Behavioral: Exercise HIIT; The HIIT protocol consists of Short Interval, High Volume exercise at 1-minute exercise bouts followed by 1-minute active recovery for 25 minutes.; Other Names: HIIT, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Oxygen uptake (VO2)	Assessing change in oxygen uptake during a submaximal exercise test	Baseline, 4 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Middle cerebral artery velocity	Assessing change in middle cerebral artery velocity response to an acute exercise bout	Baseline, 4 weeks
Middle cerebral artery velocity at rest	Assessing change in middle cerebral artery velocity during a rest condition	Baseline, 4 weeks
Flow-mediated Dilation	Endothelial vascular function	Baseline, 4 weeks
Pulse Wave Velocity	Arterial stiffness	Baseline, 4 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)	Walking endurance using the 6MWT	Baseline, 4 weeks
10-Meter Walk Test	Gait speed using the 10-Meter Walk Test	Baseline, 4 weeks
Cerebral Blood Flow	Global and regional blood flow using MRI	Baseline, 4 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Kansas Medical Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sandra A Billinger, PhD, KU Medical Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 3, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 8, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): December 8, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 19, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 6, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): July 7, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 6, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 2, 2026
• Last Verified: August 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: exercise; walking; brain; cardiovascular; aerobic fitness; cerebrovascular
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Behavior; Ischemic Stroke; Hemorrhagic Stroke; Stroke; Motor Activity; Motor Activity; Movement; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena; Exercise
• Other Study ID Numbers: STUDY00147598

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No