Motivation as a Strategy for Adherence to a Stretching Program for Basketball Players (MOTBAS)

Motivation as a Strategy for Adherence to a Stretching Program for Basketball Players: a Pilot Study.

Background: Basketball is considered a medium-high injury sport, because of the mechanisms of injury, which can be acute, by repetition mechanisms or by overload. An effective way to avoid muscle overload injuries is to perform an extensibility workout such as an analytical active stretching program. The objective of this study is to achieve adherence to a stretching program by motivating young basketball players.

Methods: Randomized experimental clinical trial controlled by a single blind person. 21 child players between 11 and 12 years, divided into intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). IG carries out a supervised static stretching program at the end of training 3 days/week for 12 weeks and CG has normally developed the standard stretches of their Basketball Club. The extensibility of various muscle groups was valued in both groups. In addition, motivation was valued by Sport Motivation Scale.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Sports Physical Therapy; Motivation; Muscle Tightness
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Stretching program

Detailed Description

The inclusion criteria were: to be between 12 and 13 years of age (both included), to be an active player at the time of selection, to sign the informed consent form and failure to meet the exclusion criteria. The exclusion criteria were: to have an injury at the time of selection and psychological and/or psychiatric illnesses. The main outcomes were: the adherence to a stretching program (monitoring calendars), the extensibility of the posterior musculature (fingertip-to-floor test), the adductor extensibility (sideways leg splits test), the gastrocnemius and soleus extensibility (weight-bearing lunge test through the Leg Motion system), the hamstring extensibility (goniometer with the passive straight leg raise and it was considerated shortening if it doesn't reach >80 degrees of elevation, the extensibility of the quadriceps (Ely test by a goniometer), the extensibility of the psoas (modified Thomas test using a goniometer).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 21
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Barcelona, Spain, 08018
    • Federación Catalana de Baloncesto

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 12 years to 13 years (CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• To be an active player at the time of selection, to sign the informed consent form, failure to meet the exclusion criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

• To have an injury at the time of selection, psychological and/or psychiatric illnesses.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: SINGLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Experimental group; The experimental group received a lecture session explaining what stretching is, its advantages and the importance of stretching in injury prevention. The specific intervention programme was to be performed at least 3 days/week (after training) for 12 weeks. These were static, active stretches of the muscles of the lower back, psoas iliacus, quadriceps, adductors, gluteus, hamstrings, and sural triceps. For each muscle group, the stretch was held for 60 seconds, divided into 3 repetitions of 20 seconds. Between each repetition, we did not return to the initial position but sought a new barrier to the stretch which would provoke the sensations described above. The total time dedicated to stretching was approximately 15 minutes per session.	Procedure: Stretching program; The stretching programme was to be performed at least 3 days/week (after training) for 12 weeks. These were static, active stretches of the muscles of the lower back, psoas iliacus, quadriceps, adductors, gluteus, hamstrings, and sural triceps. The final stretching position was that which generated a sensation of moderate-intense tightness in the muscles, but without exceeding the pain threshold. For each muscle group, the stretch was held for 60 seconds, divided into 3 repetitions of 20 seconds. Between each repetition, we did not return to the initial position but sought a new barrier to the stretch which would provoke the sensations described above. The total time dedicated to stretching was approximately 15 minutes per session.
NO_INTERVENTION: Control group; The control group performed the initial and final assessments and continued to perform their team's standard/habitual stretches. To record whether they performed the stretches prescribed by the club, the researchers went to the end of the training unknown sessions and recorded whether the players performed them or not.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Extensibility of the posterior musculature (centimeters)	This was measured with the "Fingertip-to-Floor Test"	1 year
Adductor extensibility (centimeters)	It was measured with the Sideways Leg Splits test	1 year
Gastrocnemius and soleus extensibility (centimeters)	The Leg Motion System was used.	1 year
Hamstring extensibility (degrees)	The Passive Straight Leg Raise test was used, assessed qualitatively and quantitatively.	1 year
Extensibility of the quadriceps (degrees)	This was measured with the Ely Test	1 year
Extensibility of the psoas (degrees)	The Modified Thomas test was used, assessing the psoas qualitatively and quantitatively as well as indirectly the rectus femoris, the tensor fascia lata and the abductors.	1 year
Motivation	It was assessed using the Sport Motivation Scale, validated in Spanish. This scale allows an objective assessment of the intrinsic, extrinsic and non-motivational factors of why children participate in their sport. In addition, the researchers added two questions related to motivation and stretching, to check whether the participants had correctly understood the importance of stretching.	1 year
Adherence to the programme (percentage)	This was assessed by means of monitoring calendars. The purpose of these was for the athletes to place blue stickers on the days they did the stretches and red stickers on the days they did not do them, thus giving them visual biofeedback of their involvement with the stretches. Each calendar was valid for six weeks, so one was given out on the first week and the second one in the middle of the study, on the sixth week.	1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Age	Years	1 year
Height	Centimeters	1 year
Gender	Female or male	1 year
Hypermobility	The Beighton Criteria were used.	1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Rovira i Virgili

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Cumps E, Verhagen E, Meeusen R. Prospective epidemiological study of basketball injuries during one competitive season: ankle sprains and overuse knee injuries. J Sports Sci Med. 2007 Jun 1;6(2):204-11. eCollection 2007.
• Sainz de Baranda P, Ayala F. Chronic flexibility improvement after 12 week of stretching program utilizing the ACSM recommendations: hamstring flexibility. Int J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;31(6):389-96. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1249082. Epub 2010 Mar 22.
• Behm DG, Blazevich AJ, Kay AD, McHugh M. Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Jan;41(1):1-11. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0235. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
• Bozic PR, Pazin NR, Berjan BB, Planic NM, Cuk ID. Evaluation of the field tests of flexibility of the lower extremity: reliability and the concurrent and factorial validity. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Sep;24(9):2523-31. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181def5e4.
• Calatayud J, Martin F, Gargallo P, Garcia-Redondo J, Colado JC, Marin PJ. The validity and reliability of a new instrumented device for measuring ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Apr;10(2):197-202.
• Ayala F, Sainz de Baranda P, De Ste Croix M, Santonja F. Comparison of active stretching technique in males with normal and limited hamstring flexibility. Phys Ther Sport. 2013 May;14(2):98-104. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.03.013. Epub 2012 Sep 21.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): September 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): May 27, 2020
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): June 30, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 8, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 10, 2022
• First Posted (ACTUAL): August 12, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): November 30, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 25, 2022
• Last Verified: November 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 123/2018_2

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No