RE-BLEED: A Digital Platform for Identifying Bleeding Patients - a Feasibility Study (RE-BLEED)

The RE-BLEED feasibility study aims to develop and test a real-time digital platform, whereby bleeding patients in-hospital can be identified and approached for their consent to participate in future research studies.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hemorrhage; Trauma; Gastro Intestinal Bleeding

Detailed Description

Bleeding affects up to 40% of all trauma patients, up to 30% of all surgery patients and is one of the commonest causes of death for women giving birth. The presentation and features of bleeding are different between patients - in some cases bleeding is very obvious to recognise, but in other cases bleeding is more "hidden", for example in the stomach. Bleeding must be stopped promptly to prevent severe illness or death.

Many studies have shown differences in how patients who bleed are treated. There is also variation in how individual patients respond to the same treatment, with some patients doing better than others. Understanding how variation in practice and patient characteristics affect outcomes will help researchers and clinicians design and test improvements in care.

Patients in hospital have regular tests that measure levels of the different types of cells in their blood and its ability to clot. For example, a drop in red blood cells can indicate that patients have suffered bleeding. More advanced blood tests are available that can provide more detailed information on why patients are bleeding and what treatments might be most effective.

This study aims to develop a real-time, hospital-wide digital system to identify patients in hospital who have suffered from bleeding and test whether this system could be used in the future to potentially identify patients to recruit into trials of new treatments or blood tests.

To do this, the investigators will:

• Assemble a panel of experts to identify criteria (for example, specific blood test results and drug prescriptions) that could indicate a patient has suffered from bleeding
• Use historical electronic patient records to test how well these criteria identify patients who have received treatments for bleeding (blood transfusion)
• Develop and refine a web-based digital system where the most useful criteria can be applied in "real-time" to identify bleeding patients
• Test how well the digital platform identifies bleeding patients
• Test whether a significant number of patients identified by the digital platform are willing to allow their routine blood samples tested for blood clotting and endothelial factors.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 40

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Oxfordshire
    • Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, OX3 9DU
      • Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (John Radcliffe Hospital)

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 110 years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

All adult patients admitted to Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Retrospective cohort:

• Adults aged between 16 and 110
• Admitted to hospital (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust) or attended the emergency department between 1/3/2011 to 31/8/2023

Prospective cohort:

• Adults aged between 16 and 110
• Admitted to hospital (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust) or attended the emergency department between 1/10/2021 to 31/8/2023

Exclusion Criteria:

Both retrospective and prospective cohorts:

• Patients who inform us directly that they do not wish their records used in this research study
• Patients who have completed the NHS Opt-out.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Retrospective; Up to 1,750,000 patient admissions (up to 10 years of admissions) from one National Health Service Trust (Hospital group)
Prospective Hospital Cohort; Up to 87, 500 will be screened by the digital platform to identify those who may have bled during the recruitment period, of which at least 40 will be approached for their consent to retain their blood samples (collected as part of routine care).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Recruitment rate	Number of patients identified who consent for their blood samples to be retained and analysed as a percentage of those correctly identified as having suffered bleeding by the REBLEED system. An acceptable recruitment rate is defined as at least 20%, from a total of at least 200 patients correctly identified as having suffered bleeding by the REBLEED system. Patients correctly identified as having suffered bleeding by the REBLEED system is defined as: Flagged by REBLEED system as potentially having suffered bleeding AND confirmed as having suffered bleeding by research nurse review of electronic medical records	Within 3 months from start of recruitment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Oxford
• Collaborators: University of Leicester; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Peter Watkinson, MD, University of Oxford

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 18, 2026
• Study Completion (Actual): February 18, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 21, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 31, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): November 8, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 20, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 19, 2026
• Last Verified: February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Digestive System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Wounds and Injuries; Hemorrhage; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
• Other Study ID Numbers: PID15451

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Individual participant data will not be made publicly available due to privacy and legal implications.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No