Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Apolipoprotein E Genotype, and Cognitive Functions: A Prospective Study

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Genotype and Its Interaction With Cognitive Functions and Cognitive Decline in Late-Middle-Aged Older Adults: A Prospective Study

The current research project aims to investigate the interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the ApoE genotype with neurocognitive functions.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cognitive Change; Aging
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Data collections

Detailed Description

The current research project aims to investigate the interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the ApoE genotype with neurocognitive functions. The three main purposes of the current research project seek to achieve:

1. An exploration of the associations of, as well as the interactions between, CRF assessed at the Baseline Stage, and the ApoE genotype, along with cognitive functions in cognitively healthy late-middle-aged older adults.
2. The employing of an event-related potential (ERP) to investigate the associations between the baseline CRF, the ApoE genotype, and cognitive functions in cognitively healthy late-middle-aged older adults, as well as the potential underlying neuroelectrical mechanisms.
3. An investigation of the interactions between the changes of CRFs assessed at the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages and the ApoE genotype in relation to neurocognitive function, as well as the underlying neuroelectrical mechanisms, in cognitively healthy late-middle-aged older adults.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 159

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 106308
    • Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Cognitively healthy late-middle-aged older adults recruited from the northern part of Taiwan.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• right handed
• no history of cardiorespiratory disease
• normal or corrected-to-normal vision based on the 20/20 standard
• no risk of performing physical activities, as measured by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

Exclusion Criteria:

• the scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) < 25 and cognitively intact upon study entry
• history of psychiatric or neurological diseases
• color-blindness

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

4

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
High-Risk with increased CRF; ApoE e4 carriers with increased CRF from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages.	Other: Data collections; Data collections of cognitive function, neuroelectrical activities, ApoE genotype, and physical fitness.
High-Risk with decreased CRF; ApoE e4 carriers with decreased CRF from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages.	Other: Data collections; Data collections of cognitive function, neuroelectrical activities, ApoE genotype, and physical fitness.
Low-Risk with increased CRF; Non-ApoE e4 carriers with increased CRF from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages.	Other: Data collections; Data collections of cognitive function, neuroelectrical activities, ApoE genotype, and physical fitness.
Low-Risk with decreased CRF; Non-ApoE e4 carriers with decreased CRF from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages.	Other: Data collections; Data collections of cognitive function, neuroelectrical activities, ApoE genotype, and physical fitness.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in Inhibitory Performance: Stroop Task	Inhibitory performance was assessed using the computerized Stroop task at the Baseline and at the Follow-Up assessments. The difference in response time (RT) between the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages was calculated as the index of the inhibitory performance.	30 minutes each at the Baseline and the Follow-Up visit at Month 18
Changes in Neuroelectrical Activities	The neuroelectrical activities (P3 component) during the Stroop task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in P3 amplitudes of incongruent trials between the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages was calculated as the index of the neuroelectrical index.	30 minutes each at the Baseline and the Follow-Up visit at Month 18

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants for Whom ApoE Genotype Was Determined	Participants' ApoE genotype was determined based on the genetic biomarkers (rs429358 and rs7412)	5 minutes at the Baseline Stage.
Physical Fitness Measurements: Changes in Aerobic Fitness	Participants' aerobic fitness was estimated using the submaximal cycle ergometer test at the baseline and at the follow-up assessments. The difference in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) between the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages was calculated as the index of aerobic fitness.	30 minutes each at the Baseline and the Follow-Up visit at Month 18

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in Higher Order Executive Performance: Tower of London Test	Higher order executive performance was assessed using the Tower of London Test at the baseline and at the follow-up assessments. Changes in higher order executive performance from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages were assessed.	30 minutes each at the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Taiwan Normal University
• Investigators: Study Director: Yu-Kai Chang, Ph.D., Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 7, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 7, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): December 15, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 15, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 9, 2024
• Last Verified: November 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Apolipoprotein E; physical fitness; event-related potential
• Other Study ID Numbers: PACNL_APOE_PROSPECTIVE

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No