Encouraging Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Substitutions

February 15, 2024 updated by: Anna Grummon, Stanford University

Encouraging Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Substitutions: A Randomized Experiment With Emerging Adults

The aim of this study is to examine emerging adults' responses to dietary substitution messages about health, the environment, or both health and the environment.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This online study will examine emerging adults' responses to dietary substitution messages about 4 different topics. Participants will be randomized to 1 of 4 topic arms: 1) Control (neutral topic, not related to health or the environment); 2) Health topic; 3) Environment topic; 4) Health and Environment topic. Participants will view messages about each of 4 dietary substitutions: replacing red meat with chicken or vegetarian options; replacing dairy milk with non-dairy milk; replacing juice with whole fruit; and replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water. For each dietary substitution, participants will view 2 messages about their assigned topic, with the 2 messages shown in random order. Participants will rate each message on perceived message effectiveness (primary outcome).

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

1732

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Palo Alto, California, United States, 94304
        • Stanford School of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age between 18-25 years
  • Reside in the United States
  • Ability to complete a survey in English

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Older than 25 years; younger than 18 years
  • Reside outside of the United States
  • Unable to complete a survey in English

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Health messages
Messages shown will be related to the health impacts of making certain dietary substitutions (replacing beef with chicken and vegetarian entrees; replacing juice with whole fruit; replacing dairy milk with non-dairy milk; replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water).
Behavioral: Health messages
Participants view messages about the health impacts of certain dietary substitutions.
Experimental: Environment messages
Messages shown will be related to the environmental impacts of making certain dietary substitutions (replacing beef with chicken and vegetarian entrees; replacing juice with whole fruit; replacing dairy milk with non-dairy milk; replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water).
Behavioral: Environmental messages
Participants view messages about the environmental impacts of certain dietary substitutions.
Experimental: Health and environment messages
Messages shown will be related to the health and environmental impacts of making certain dietary substitutions (replacing beef with chicken and vegetarian entrees; replacing juice with whole fruit; replacing dairy milk with non-dairy milk; replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water).
Behavioral: Health and environmental messages
Participants view messages about the health and environmental impacts of certain dietary substitutions.
Active Comparator: Neutral messages
Messages shown will be neutral and unrelated to the health or environmental impacts of making certain dietary substitutions (replacing beef with chicken and vegetarian entrees; replacing juice with whole fruit; replacing dairy milk with non-dairy milk; replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water).
Behavioral: Neutral messages
Participants view neutral messages unrelated to the health and environmental impacts of certain dietary substitutions.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Perceived message effectiveness
Time Frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will rate each message on perceived message effectiveness (PME) for encouraging participants to make the target dietary substitution. PME will be assessed with 4 items [the text shown in brackets will be tailored to each substitution]:

  1. How much does this message discourage you from wanting to [eat beef and pork / drink juice / drink cow's milk / drink sugary drinks]?
  2. How much does this message make [eating beef and pork, etc.] seem unpleasant to you?
  3. How much does this message make you concerned about the effects of [eating beef and pork, etc.]?
  4. How much does this message make you want to [eat chicken or vegetarian options instead of beef and pork, etc.]?

The response options for each item are: 1=Not at all, 2=Very little, 3=Somewhat, 4=Quite a bit, 5=A great deal.

Investigators will average responses to these 4 items to create a perceived message effectiveness score. Higher scores indicated higher perceived message effectiveness.
The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Stanford University

Collaborators

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Anna Grummon, PhD, Assistant Professor

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 22, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

February 2, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

February 2, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 30, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 8, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

December 18, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 20, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 15, 2024

Last Verified

February 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 71737
  • K01HL158608 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

We will post de-identified data to a public repository.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Investigators will post de-identified participant data upon acceptance of any manuscripts associated with the data generated in this study. Investigators will also share the statistical analysis plan and analytic code used for the study. The analysis plan will be uploaded before enrolling participants. The analytic code will be posted upon publication of manuscripts associated with data generated in this study.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

The data, statistical analysis plan, and analytic code will be publicly available.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • SAP
  • ANALYTIC_CODE

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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