Temporal Memory in Schizophrenic Patients

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Combined With Interim Testing Promotes Temporal Memory in Patients With Schizophrenia

Temporal order memory deficits are a central feature of cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to the extraction of temporal contextual information. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and interim testing have been shown to be external techniques that can improve temporal order memory deficits in schizophrenia patients. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can also improve cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. This study intends to investigate the learning effects of temporal order memory under two learning strategies during tDCS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) interventions in patients with schizophrenia, to investigate whether it can promote the retention of temporal order memory in patients, and to compare the differences in the effects of the two intervention modalities.

This study was planned to recruit 75 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia from the hospital.

A single online tDCS (2 mA × 20 min) and tACS (1.5 mA × 20 min, theta rhythm) intervention was conducted during which participants performed a temporal-sequence memory task for visual pictures, and test scores were compared for each stimulus type on an intermediate test and repetition of the two strategies of learning.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Patients With Schizophrenia
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)- anodal group; Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)- sham group; Device: transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)-tACS group

Detailed Description

Treatment was conducted by two examiners, and participants' memory levels were tested before the start of the experiment using a flanker task and a numerical breadth task as baseline tests. The experimental procedure was divided into a learning phase, in which participants memorized the sequence of pictures, and a testing phase, in which participants were required to recall a picture presented after the probe item. Participants were randomly assigned in parallel to each stimulus type and learning strategy, with 25 receiving tdcs anodized stimuli, 25 receiving sham stimuli, and another 25 receiving tacs stimuli. And participants' inhibitory control continued to be tested using the flanker task before and after the stimuli for pre- and post-intervention comparisons.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 75
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Tiantian Li, Doctor; Phone Number: 13909483531; Email: psylitiantian@outlook.com

Study Locations

• China
  • Gansu
    • Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730070
      • Recruiting
      • Northwest Normal University
      • Contact: Xiaofeng Ma, Professor

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Meeting the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5);
2. Aged 18 years or older, regardless of gender, with an educational level of elementary school or above;
3. All patients received stable-level antipsychotic medication treatment, were in a stable phase of disease treatment, able to understand the testing requirements, and cooperated to complete all research tasks;
4. No history of neurological disorders or other serious physical illnesses, and no history of intellectual disability;
5. No color blindness, color weakness, or other color vision impairments, with normal vision or corrected vision.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Clear cognitive impairment caused by somatic or cerebral organic lesions, such as cerebrovascular diseases, traumatic brain injury, etc;
2. Individuals with mental disorders caused by substance dependence or abuse, or the use of psychoactive substances;
3. History of brain injury or other central nervous system-related organic diseases;
4. Individuals at significant risk of suicide or harming others;
5. Participation in similar experiments in the past 30 days prior to baseline.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Anodal group; In the anodal group, the anode was placed over the left DLPFC (F3), and the cathode was placed over the contralateral supraorbital area (FP2). A direct current of 2mA was applied for 20 minutes during each stimulation session.	Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)- anodal group; 2mA/20mins/session;
Sham Comparator: Sham group; In the sham group, the stimulation parameters, including the stimulation site and duration, were identical to those of the anodal group. However, during the 10-second ramp-up and ramp-down periods before and after stimulation, patients were unaware that the current was turned off.	Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)- sham group; 0mA/20mins/session
Experimental: tACS group; In the transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) group, the anode was placed in the left DLPFC (F3) and the cathode was placed in the contralateral supraorbital region (FP2). A direct current of 1.5 mA was applied for 20 minutes during each stimulation, theta rhythm, 6 HZ.	Device: transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)-tACS group; 1.5 mA/20 min/session; 6HZ, theta

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Correctness of temporal recall	Stimulus content was presented using the Eprime experimental program, and participants pressed key responses during the test phase to record their rate of correctness. Stimulus content was presented using the Eprime experimental program, and participants pressed key responses during the test phase to record their rate of correctness.	5mins to 24 hours
proactive interference rate	The rate of intrusion of prior information when participants recalled the current information was counted.	5mins to 24 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Xiaofeng Ma
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Xiaofeng Ma, Professor, Northwest Normal University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 15, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): September 30, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): September 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 15, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 16, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): August 20, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 20, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 16, 2024
• Last Verified: August 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
• Other Study ID Numbers: No.2024018

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No