Assessment of Upper Cross Syndrome and Cervicogenic Headache in Smart Phone User

ASSESSMENT of UPPER CROSS SYNDROME and CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE AMONG ADDICTIVE SMART PHONE PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS

the purpose of this study was to assess upper cross syndrome and cervicogenic headache between addictive and non- addictive smartphone usage among university physical therapy students.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Postural; Defect
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Smartphone application AI Posture Evaluation and Correction System (APECS)

Detailed Description

"Smartphone addiction" is a special type of technological addiction. users are drawn to it Even when there isn't a pressing need to use a smartphone. In a study of 2367 university students in Riyadh, the findings showed that 27.2% of participants used their smartphones for more than eight hours a day. When using a smartphone, a person may stay still for extended periods of time or perform certain movements repeatedly, which puts an excessive amount of static load on the neck and shoulder regions. The most common complaints on smartphones were related to neck pain, with prevalence rates ranging from 17.3% to 67.8%. This is because using a smartphone for extended periods of time with flexed-necked posture increases the activity of the upper trapezius and splenius capitis muscles, which can cause pain in the neck and shoulders. upper crossed syndrome (USC) is muscle imbalance between tightness and weakness in the neck, shoulders, and upper back which is a common postural dysfunction pattern. The main UCS feature is forward head posture (FHP) which is a condition occurs when the head shifts from its usual position and moves forward from the cervical spine. Postural abnormalities associated with UCS include change in the activation of the scapula muscles result in scapular instability and mechanical dysfunction in the neck, which can exacerbate pain in the neck ,upper back and headaches. The International Headache Society (IHS) defines cervicogenic headache (CGH) as a secondary type of headache brought on by abnormalities of the cervical spine or any of the bone, soft tissue, or disc components that make up the cervical spine. A recent study evaluated the frequency of cervicogenic headaches caused by excessive use of smart devices found 56% of students experienced cervicogenic headaches as a result of using smart devices excessively and adopting poor posture. So the aim of this study to assess upper cross syndrome and cervicogenic headache between addictive and non-addictive smartphone usage among university physical therapy students.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 40

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Giza, Egypt
    • Faculty of Physical Therapy

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

smart phone users from faculty of physical therapy

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Asymptomatic students with normal healthy state 2. Age group between 18-24 years 3. Body mass index between (18-24.9). 4. Addictive smart phone users with score over 31 for male and 33 for female students in smart phone addiction scale (Kwon et al., 2013).

  5. Minimum of 25 text messages or emails per day, browsing the Internet and/or playing games for more than one hour a day using their smartphone (Mustafaoglu et al., 2021).

  1. Headache developed in temporal relation to the onset of cervical disorder or appearance of the lesion.
  2. Headache significantly improved or resolved in parallel with improvement in or resolution of the cervical disorder or lesion.
  3. Reduced cervical range of motion , and headache was made significantly worse by provocative maneuvers.

  4. Headache abolished following diagnostic blockade of a cervical structure or its nerve supply

     Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. History of Cervical Trauma or Surgery (Jung et al., 2016). 2. Neck, shoulder, upper back, lower back, elbow, or wrist-hand musculoskeletal trauma (Lee et al., 2015).

  3. Congenital deformities 4. Serious surgical or neurological diseases 5. Limb injuries 6. Involvement in a formal physical activity program 7. Cervical Spondylosis. 8. Cervical Radiculopathy (Pathan et al., 2021). 9. Shoulder, neck, and back muscle injuries in the past month (Daniel et al., 2022).

  10. Idiopathic spinal deformity (Elnahhas et al., 2018).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
addictive smart phone group; addictive smart phone users with cervicogenic headache	Device: Smartphone application AI Posture Evaluation and Correction System (APECS); Mobile application APECS v. 6.2.0. is used to assess upper body posture during standing from back side and right side.
non addictive smart phone group; non addictive smart phone users not complaining of cervicogenic headache	Device: Smartphone application AI Posture Evaluation and Correction System (APECS); Mobile application APECS v. 6.2.0. is used to assess upper body posture during standing from back side and right side.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
upper cross syndrome angles assessment in degrees	cranio-vertebral angle ,rounded shoulder and Thoracic kyphosis angles .	3 monthes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
cervical range of motion in degrees and flexion rotation test in degree	features of cervicogenic headache	3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Jilan Adel yousef
• Investigators: Study Director: enas fawzy, professor, professor of physical therapy for orthopedic diseases

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Trovato B, Roggio F, Sortino M, Zanghi M, Petrigna L, Giuffrida R, Musumeci G. Postural Evaluation in Young Healthy Adults through a Digital and Reproducible Method. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2022 Oct 28;7(4):98. doi: 10.3390/jfmk7040098.
• Stenneberg MS, Busstra H, Eskes M, van Trijffel E, Cattrysse E, Scholten-Peeters GGM, de Bie RA. Concurrent validity and interrater reliability of a new smartphone application to assess 3D active cervical range of motion in patients with neck pain. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2018 Apr;34:59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.12.006. Epub 2017 Dec 16.
• Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, Gu X, Choi JH, Kim DJ. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56936. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056936. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
• Alageel AA, Alyahya RA, A Bahatheq Y, Alzunaydi NA, Alghamdi RA, Alrahili NM, McIntyre RS, Iacobucci M. Smartphone addiction and associated factors among postgraduate students in an Arabic sample: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 10;21(1):302. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03285-0.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 12, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 15, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 11, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 13, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): November 15, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 15, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 13, 2024
• Last Verified: November 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: smart phone addiction upper cross syndrome cervicogenic headache
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Headache Disorders; Headache Disorders, Secondary; Headache; Post-Traumatic Headache
• Other Study ID Numbers: postural disorder

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No