Assessment of Handwriting Skills in a Sample of Egyptian Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

December 16, 2024 updated by: Walid Saber Hussain, October 6 University

PURPOSE: To assess handwriting difficulties in ADHD children. BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders that affects 7.6% of children worldwide. In addition to the core symptoms defining Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ADHD children often experience motor problems, including graphomotor movements, leading to handwriting difficulties. Studies have confirmed that handwriting skills are adversely impacted by the presence of ADHD, and this is associated with lower academic achievement and self-esteem. Children with ADHD have been found to display greater difficulties in the development of motor coordination, especially in the planning and execution of complex, lengthy, and novel chains of goal-directed behavior. Also, handwriting problems in ADHD may signal underlying executive function deficits such as inhibition, emotional dysregulation, working memory problems, and difficulty with self-monitoring, all of which are required for various daily functions beyond handwriting per se. With a slower motor response and perceptual speed, these deficits may decrease the likelihood that a child with ADHD can work efficiently and stay on-task during school and home activities.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD)

Detailed Description

Written informed consents will be obtained from the parents of participants. All participants will undergo the following:

Thorough history taking and medical examination.
Anthropometric measurements: weight, height
Diagnosis by DSM 5
Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R) to assess the severity of ADHD symptoms.
Intelligence quotient (IQ) test: Stanford Binet intelligence scale, fifth edition to assess the mental ages of the children and measure their intelligence quotients.
Assessment of handwriting using (Handwriting Legibility Scale (HLS) to evaluate the handwriting skills of the participants including ……
Assessment of neuropsychological abilities related to executive functioning and learning Using the Learning, Executive, and Attention Functioning (Leaf) scale.
Language assessment to identify any underlying language deficits that might contribute to handwriting difficulties.
A Baseline mechanical gauge was used to measure palmer pinch strength in kilograms
A Baseline mechanical gauge was used to measure hand grip strength in kilograms
Statistical analysis using the SPSS version 22.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Egypt
- - Giza, Egypt, 123
    - October 6 University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

Child
Adult
Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

ADHD children can read and write both sexes.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

ADHD children can read and write
both sexes.

Exclusion Criteria:

low IQ children

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Handwriting Skills Time Frame: 3 monthe	3 monthe

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

October 6 University

Collaborators

National Research Centre, Egypt

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 15, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

September 15, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

November 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 25, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 16, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)