Inspiratory and Expiratory Muscle Training in Adolescent Volleyball Players

Effects of Inspiratory and Expiratory Muscle Strength Training on Respiratory Functions and Performance in Adolescent Volleyball Players

This study will investigate the effects of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and performance status in adolescent athletes

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Adolescent Development
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: inspiratory muscle training; Device: expiratory muscle training

Detailed Description

In the literature, it has been shown in a limited number of studies that respiratory muscle training in sports such as football, cycling, swimming, and rugby reduces athletes' perceived exertion levels. However, the effects of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and performance status in adolescent athletes are still unclear. Therefore, this study has been planned.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 26
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Emek
    • Ankara, Emek, Turkey (Türkiye), 06490
      • Gazi University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 12 years to 18 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Athletes aged 12-18 who train at a submaximal level at least 3 days a week

Exclusion Criteria:

• Adolescents with any history of chronic lung disease
• unable to comply with the test and training
• unwilling to participate in the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: inspiratory muscle training group	Device: inspiratory muscle training; Inspiratory muscle training will be performed
Experimental: expiratory muscle training group	Device: expiratory muscle training; Expiratory muscle training will be performed

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Respiratory muscle strength	Maximal inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength will be evaluated using mouth pressure device .	First day
Diaphragm thickness	Diaphragm thickness will be assessed using ultrasonography.	Second day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Constant load-inspiratory muscle endurance test	It will be evaluated with inspiratory muscle trainer	First day
FEV1	ulmonary function tests will be performed using a spirometry according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respratory Society criteria. FEV1 will be evaluated. The percentage of predicted value <70% will be expressed as abnormal	First day
FVC	ulmonary function tests will be performed using a spirometry according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respratory Society criteria. FEV1 will be evaluated. The percentage of predicted value <70% will be expressed as abnormal	First day
FEV1/FVC	Pulmonary function tests will be performed using a spirometry according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respratory Society criteria. FEV1/FVC will be evaluated.	First day
PEF	Pulmonary function tests will be performed using a spirometry according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respratory Society criteria. PEF will be evaluated. The percentage of predicted value <70% will be expressed as abnormal	First day
FEF2575	Pulmonary function tests will be performed using a spirometry according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respratory Society criteria. FEF2575 will be evaluated. The percentage of predicted value <50% will be expressed as abnormal	First day
Athletic performance	Performance will be evaluated with shuttle run test	second day
Fat free mass Body compositions	Fat free mass (kg) will be evaluated with bioelectrical impedance analyzer	second day
Fat mass Body compositions	Fat mass (kg) will be evaluated with bioelectrical impedance analyzer	second day
Fat percentage Body compositions	Fat percentage (%) will be evaluated with bioelectrical impedance analyzer	second day
Diaphragm stiffness	Diaphragm stiffness will be assessed using shear-wave elastography.	second day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Gazi University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Celik Z, Demirtas G, Guzel NA, Sendur HN, Keles MN, Karatas N, Kokturk N. Comparative effects of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training on diaphragm adaptations and respiratory function in adolescent athletes: a randomized-controlled study. BMC Pediatr. 2026 Oct 8;26(1):996. doi: 10.1186/s12887-026-07817-z.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 1, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 13, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 29, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): January 6, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 22, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 17, 2026
• Last Verified: September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: pulmonary functions; adolescent health; muscle training; volleyball players
• Other Study ID Numbers: 474032

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No