The Relationship of Core Endurance With Cervical Stabilization and Proprioception in Women With and Without Pilates Exercise

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between core endurance and cervical stabilization and proprioception in women with and without Pilates exercise. The study was conducted with 40 volunteer female participants aged 20-50 years. The study group was selected from women who did Pilates exercises 2 days a week for at least 12 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while the control group was selected from women who did not participate in any Pilates, yoga or exercise program in the last 1 year and were sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Lateral Bridge Test, Static Trunk Extension Test, Trunk Flexor Endurance Test, Cervical Joint Position Error Test, Cervical Region Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Tests were applied to the participants and Craniocervical Flexion data of the participants were evaluated with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Device and the results were recorded. These results indicate that high performance in core endurance is associated with improved performance in cervical stabilization. As a result of this study, it was concluded that Pilates has a significant effect on core endurance, cervical stabilization and proprioception in women.

Study Overview

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Conditions: Pilates Exercise
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: core endurance test; Other: cervical stabilization test; Other: cervical proprioception test

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 40

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Mersin, Turkey, 33960
    • Burak Sapmaz Fizyoterapi ve Danışmanlık Merkezi

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Group of 20 participants doing pilates exercise 20 participants in the group without pilates exercise

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Being between 20-50 years old
• Volunteering to participate in the study
• Having practiced Pilates at least 2 days a week for at least 12 weeks for the study group
• For the control group, not having participated in any pilates, yoga or exercise program in the last year and being sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of pain during assessments
• Cervical and/or lumbar disc herniation
• Spine pathology

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Women Who Don't Do Pilates; 20 women aged 20-50 years who were sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and had not participated in any pilates or yoga exercise group in the last 1 year	Other: core endurance test; The study group was selected from women who did pilates exercises 2 days a week for at least 12 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while the control group was selected from women who did not participate in any pilates, yoga or exercise program in the last 1 year and were sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Lateral Bridge Test, Static Trunk Extension Test, Trunk Flexors Endurance Test, Cervical Joint Position Error Test, Cervical Region Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Tests were applied to the participants and Craniocervical Flexion data of the participants were evaluated with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Device.; Other: cervical stabilization test; The study group was selected from women who did pilates exercises 2 days a week for at least 12 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while the control group was selected from women who did not participate in any pilates, yoga or exercise program in the last 1 year and were sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Lateral Bridge Test, Static Trunk Extension Test, Trunk Flexors Endurance Test, Cervical Joint Position Error Test, Cervical Region Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Tests were applied to the participants and Craniocervical Flexion data of the participants were evaluated with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Device.; Other: cervical proprioception test; The study group was selected from women who did pilates exercises 2 days a week for at least 12 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while the control group was selected from women who did not participate in any pilates, yoga or exercise program in the last 1 year and were sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Lateral Bridge Test, Static Trunk Extension Test, Trunk Flexors Endurance Test, Cervical Joint Position Error Test, Cervical Region Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Tests were applied to the participants and Craniocervical Flexion data of the participants were evaluated with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Device.
Women Doing Pilates; 20 female volunteers between the ages of 20-50, practicing Pilates at least 2 days a week for at least 12 weeks	Other: core endurance test; The study group was selected from women who did pilates exercises 2 days a week for at least 12 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while the control group was selected from women who did not participate in any pilates, yoga or exercise program in the last 1 year and were sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Lateral Bridge Test, Static Trunk Extension Test, Trunk Flexors Endurance Test, Cervical Joint Position Error Test, Cervical Region Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Tests were applied to the participants and Craniocervical Flexion data of the participants were evaluated with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Device.; Other: cervical stabilization test; The study group was selected from women who did pilates exercises 2 days a week for at least 12 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while the control group was selected from women who did not participate in any pilates, yoga or exercise program in the last 1 year and were sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Lateral Bridge Test, Static Trunk Extension Test, Trunk Flexors Endurance Test, Cervical Joint Position Error Test, Cervical Region Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Tests were applied to the participants and Craniocervical Flexion data of the participants were evaluated with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Device.; Other: cervical proprioception test; The study group was selected from women who did pilates exercises 2 days a week for at least 12 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while the control group was selected from women who did not participate in any pilates, yoga or exercise program in the last 1 year and were sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Lateral Bridge Test, Static Trunk Extension Test, Trunk Flexors Endurance Test, Cervical Joint Position Error Test, Cervical Region Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Tests were applied to the participants and Craniocervical Flexion data of the participants were evaluated with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Device.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation of Core Muscle Endurance between Pilates and Non-Pilates Groups Mann Whitney U Test Analysis	The endurance of the core muscles was used to assess the static resistance of the core region with three tests evaluating the trunk flexors, trunk extensors and lateral bridge exercise. Lateral Bridge Test, Static Trunk Extension Test (Sorensen Test) and Trunk Flexors Endurance Test were evaluated, measurements were recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. The tests were repeated twice and the best result value was recorded. The test was terminated when the person administered was unable to maintain the position or when the person said that they could not continue the test	01.05.2024- 20.07.2024
Mann Whitney U Test Analysis of Deep Neck Flexor Muscle Endurance Assessment Between Pilates and Non-Pilates Exercise Groups	The participant was positioned in the supine hook position with hands relaxed on the abdomen. The participant was instructed to pull his/her chin inwards (chin tuck) and lift his/her head off the bed while maintaining this position (approximately 2.5 cm). The participant was asked to maintain this position for as long as possible without distortion and the time to maintain the position was recorded in seconds. In order to perform the test correctly, the test was demonstrated to the individuals in a practical way before starting the test. The test duration was kept short to prevent pain and fatigue of the participant. The test was stopped when the jaw position (craniocervical flexion movement and jaw) was lost and sudden pain increased and the subject did not want to continue the test. A single test was performed and the time was recorded in seconds.	01.05.2024- 20.07.2024
Chi-Square Test Analysis of Completion Distributions of Stages in Craniocervical Flexion Measurement with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Device According to Groups	In our study, after the participants were placed supine on the examination bed, the pressure cell was placed under the nape of the neck without inflation. The cell was inflated to 20 mmHg, taking care not to slide the cell to the lower cervical region. The participant was asked to press the chin towards the neck without lifting the head as if saying 'yes' (posterior cervical tilt). The participant was instructed to place the tongue on the upper palate, bring the lips together but keep the teeth slightly apart. The test consists of 5 stages. The value of the stabiliser device, which was set at 20 mmHg, was asked to increase by 2 mmHg at each stage until it reached 30 mmHg (20- 22- 24- 26- 28- 30 mmHg). The participant was asked to stay at each pressure value for 30 s and to complete the test by giving 30 s rest time after each pressure. The test was terminated at the stage where the participant could not complete the pressure value that he/she should keep constant for 30 s.	01.05.2024- 20.07.2024
Cervical Joint Position Error Test (Cervical Proprioception Assessment) Between Pilates and Non-Pilates Exercise Groups	It is a measurement tool used to clinically assess participants' cervicocephalic proprioception ability. Cervicocephalic proprioception describes the sense of position of one's head and neck in space. It measures the ability of a blindfolded participant to accurately return the head position to a predetermined neutral point after cervical joint movement	01.05.2024- 20.07.2024

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Istanbul Arel University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Selin K Kalın, İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 20, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): March 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 6, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 8, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 8, 2025
• Last Verified: February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: core endurance, pilates, stabilization, proprioception
• Other Study ID Numbers: E-52857131-050.04-591162

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED
• IPD Plan Description: Çalışma boyunca toplanan tüm IPDler paylaşılabilir.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No