Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Quantify the Effects of NOURISH's Culturally Modified Meals on Asian Americans With Type 2 Diabetes

March 16, 2026 updated by: Minal Moharir, Stanford University

Validation of NOURISH Project's Culturally Tailored Meals on Postprandial Glycemic Response Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

The investigators are hoping to determine whether tailoring the diet of someone with type 2 diabetes to their ethnic group while following American Diabetes Association guidelines can make a significant difference in their blood sugar controls. Participants will be required to wear a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) for 1-month so that the investigators can compare blood sugar levels when participants are eating their routine diet vs. the culturally tailored diabetes diet.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This clinical trial evaluates the impact of culturally tailored, American Diabetes Association (ADA)-compliant meals on the glycemic control of Asian Indian and Filipino individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study leverages a crossover design to compare glycemic responses during two distinct dietary phases: a self-selected diet phase (baseline/control/routine diet) and an intervention phase featuring NOURISH meals. NOURISH Meals will be delivered to designated pick-up points on the Stanford campus and Stanford clinics. Participants will be equipped with Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) to track glucose trends across the study and will be required to keep a food log through Tastermonial, enabling detailed analysis of postprandial glucose responses and key metrics.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

30

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Self-identification as Asian Indian or Filipino
  • Diagnosed with T2DM
  • Can pick up meals from a designated area on the Stanford Campus
  • Willing to wear a CGM for 30 days

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Currently taking insulin, GLP -1 and SGLT 2
  • Known severe allergic reactions and/or food intolerances that would interfere with the ability to eat
  • Those who, in the opinion of the investigators, cannot reliably complete the study protocol.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Self Selected Diet to NOURISH Diet
Participants in this arm will be consuming self-selected meals (baseline/control) first (During Week 2 of the intervention), followed by the NOURISH diet in the next week (Week 3). Participants will be required to fill out a food diary and questionnaires using the Tastermonital app.
Other: Self-Selected Diet (Control)
The participants will eat their routine meals without any involvement of the investigators. Participants will be required to wear the CGM during this time and keep a detailed food log through Tastermonial.
Other Names:
  • Control
  • Baseline
  • Routine Diet
Other: NOURISH Diet
NOURISH meals will be prepared by NOURISH chefs for seven days. Both South Asian and Filipino meal plans will be prepared, vegetarian, vegan and non-vegetarian options available for all. Participants will pick-up NOURISH meals at a Stanford facility and consume three meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) and two snacks over one week. There will be no caloric restriction, the calories in each meal will be informed by the average intake for the participants gender and BMI.
Other Names:
  • NOURISH-modified meals
  • NOURISH meals
Experimental: NOURISH Diet to Self-Selected Diet
Participants in this arm will be consuming the NOURISH diet first (During Week 2 of the intervention), followed by their self-selected diet (baseline/control) in the next week (Week 3). Participants will be required to fill out a food diary and questionnaires using the Tastermonital app.
Other: Self-Selected Diet (Control)
The participants will eat their routine meals without any involvement of the investigators. Participants will be required to wear the CGM during this time and keep a detailed food log through Tastermonial.
Other Names:
  • Control
  • Baseline
  • Routine Diet
Other: NOURISH Diet
NOURISH meals will be prepared by NOURISH chefs for seven days. Both South Asian and Filipino meal plans will be prepared, vegetarian, vegan and non-vegetarian options available for all. Participants will pick-up NOURISH meals at a Stanford facility and consume three meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) and two snacks over one week. There will be no caloric restriction, the calories in each meal will be informed by the average intake for the participants gender and BMI.
Other Names:
  • NOURISH-modified meals
  • NOURISH meals

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Positive Area Under the Curve (pAUC) for Blood Glucose
Time Frame: During Week 2, Week 3
Upon analysis of the CGM data graphs, the area under the curve will be analyzed. The goal is to observe the difference in glucose levels when participants consume NOURISH meals versus the self-selected diet. Higher pAUC values indicate higher average blood glucose and possibly decreased glycemic control, whereas lower pAUC values indicate lower average blood glucose and possibly increased glycemic control.
During Week 2, Week 3

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Glucose % Time in Range Over the Course of the Intervention as Compared to the Baseline
Time Frame: During Week 2, Week 3, Week 4
Using the glucose readings from the continuous glucose monitors, the daily glucose values for participants will be plotted. Analysis will be done to identify the %-proportion of time participant's glucose levels fall within a pre-specified range. Area values for both the self-selected diet and NOURISH diet will be compared for each participant and tested for statistical significance. Higher glucose %-time in range indicates that the glucose fell within a certain range for a larger portion of time, lower glucose %-time in range indicates that glucose deviated out of the specified range.
During Week 2, Week 3, Week 4
Adherence to NOURISH Diet
Time Frame: 1 week

Participants will be performing journal logs throughout the study via the Tastermonial app. They will be required to upload information on how much of the meal they consumed and if they replaced the NOURISH meal with a self-selected one for any reason. Analysis will be conducted to understand the number of meals and days participants adhered to NOURISH meals and the blood glucose levels measured.

Question asked to participants: "What proportion of this meal did you consume?"

Answer choices: "I did not eat this meal at all", "25%", "50%". "75%", "I finished the full meal"
1 week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Stanford University

Collaborators

Tastermonial Inc

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Minal Moharir, MD, Stanford University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 8, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

July 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

August 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 14, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 14, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

February 20, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 18, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 16, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 78525
  • P30DK116074 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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