Pain, Fear of Movement, Neck Awareness and Upper Extremity Functionality in Chronic Neck Pain

November 22, 2025 updated by: Tuğba GÖNEN, Hasan Kalyoncu University

Investigation of Parameters Related to Pain Catastrophizing, Fear of Movement, Neck Awareness and Upper Extremity Functionality in Individuals With Chronic Neck Pain - a Cross-sectional Study

Our study aims to investigate the parameters related to pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, neck awareness and upper extremity functionality in individuals with chronic neck pain - a cross-sectional study.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common musculoskeletal problem that persists for more than three months and negatively affects an individual's daily activities. Neck pain is a complex condition that occurs through the interaction of many factors. Age, gender, history of neck pain, other musculoskeletal problems, postural weakness, the presence of repetitive trauma, and the individual's social and psychosocial status can all influence the onset and course of neck pain. In addition, chronic neck pain causes impairments in body awareness, affecting the perception of the cervical region, and this triggers the development of fear of movement (kinesiophobia). Kinesiophobia causes the individual to avoid movement due to pain and can also lead to a decrease in upper extremity functionality. While studies examining these variables separately are common in the literature, to our knowledge, there is no study that includes these parameters together. In this context, our study; It aims to investigate the parameters related to pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, neck awareness and upper extremity functionality in individuals with chronic neck pain - a cross-sectional study.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

114

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Individuals who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study were administered the relevant assessment scales, which took approximately 30 minutes. No harmful practices or questions were posed to any participants during the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals who have had neck pain for 3 months or longer
  • Those with no neurological findings
  • Those who agree to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with a history of fractures
  • Those who have had cervical surgery
  • Individuals who provide incomplete data
  • Individuals who are inadequately literate in Turkish

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Chronic neck pain group
Questionnaires to assess pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, neck awareness, and upper extremity functionality were administered to individuals with chronic neck pain.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pain Catastrophizing
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 3 months
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCAT) will be used to assess pain catastrophizing. The PCAT, whose Turkish reliability and validity were established by Uğurlu et al., includes 13 situations describing different feelings and thoughts related to pain. Each situation is scored from 0 (never) to 4 (always). The total score ranges from 0 to 52 points. A higher total score indicates increased pain catastrophizing. According to the scale, individuals scoring 30 or higher are considered to have pain catastrophizing
through study completion, an average of 3 months
Kinesiophobia
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 3 months
The Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale was used to assess fear of movement. The questionnaire, which will be used to measure individuals' perspectives on movement and their fear aspects, consists of 17 questions with total scores ranging from 17 to 68. Tampa scores greater than 37 indicate significant kinesiophobia.
through study completion, an average of 3 months
Neck awareness
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 3 months
The Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire was used to assess neck awareness. It is a simple Likert-type questionnaire (0 = I never feel like this, 1 = I rarely feel like this, 2 = I sometimes or some of the time feel like this, 3 = I often feel like this, 4 = I always or most of the time feel like this) that assesses individual perception. The questionnaire asks nine questions, including how individuals perceive their neck relative to their body and how they perceive their body position. A high score indicates poor awareness.
through study completion, an average of 3 months
Upper extremity function
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 3 months
The Quick Questionnaire for Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Q-DASH) was used to assess individuals' upper extremity function. This 30-question questionnaire assesses an individual's ability to perform functional activities (21 items), pain (5 items), and psychosocial aspects of the disease (4 items). The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better outcomes.
through study completion, an average of 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The pain
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 3 months
The short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) was used to assess pain. The main component of the SF-MPQ consists of 15 descriptors (11 sensory; 4 emotional) rated on an intensity scale as 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, or 3 = severe. Three pain scores are derived from the sum of the intensity rank values of the words selected for the sensory, emotional, and total descriptors. A higher score indicates a higher level of pain.
through study completion, an average of 3 months
The pain
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 3 months
The Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire was assessed. The Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire is a multidimensional questionnaire consisting of nine items: neck pain intensity, sleep disturbance, numbness, duration of symptoms, and impairment in activities such as carrying heavy objects, reading and watching television, working, socializing, and driving. The driving item is optional. Each item has one question and five statements indicating increasing difficulty or pain. Responses to each question are scored from 0 to 4, with 4 representing the greatest impairment, and a total score is obtained by summing the scores for each of the nine items (possible scores: 0-36).
through study completion, an average of 3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Hasan Kalyoncu University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Tuğba GÖNEN, Asisst. Prof. Dr., Hasan Kalyoncu University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 20, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

August 20, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

October 20, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 17, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 22, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

November 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

November 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 22, 2025

Last Verified

November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2025/095

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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