Preop US-Guided Nerve Blocks for Pain & Recovery After Ankle Arthroscopy

Effects of Preoperative Ultrasound-Guided Popliteal Sciatic and Saphenous Nerve Blocks on Early Pain and Functional Recovery After Ankle Arthroscopy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

This randomized, double-blind controlled trial investigates the effectiveness and potential trade-offs of preoperative ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks in patients undergoing ankle arthroscopy, a procedure often performed in day-case settings but associated with significant early postoperative pain and frequent opioid use. The study evaluates whether these nerve blocks can reduce early postoperative pain-measured by the highest NRS score within 24 hours-and examines their impact on functional recovery, including motor strength and ambulation. All patients receive standardized general anesthesia and multimodal analgesia, with outcomes including opioid consumption, ankle weakness, patient satisfaction, range of motion, muscle strength, hospital stay duration, and analgesia-related costs.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Ankle Ligament Injury，Chronic Ankle Instability，Ankle Arthroscopy
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic and saphenous nerve block; Procedure: Placebo nerve block

Detailed Description

Background

Ankle arthroscopy is often performed in day-case or short-stay settings. Despite the minimally invasive incisions, patients frequently experience significant early postoperative ankle pain, often requiring substantial opioid analgesia, which can lead to notable opioid-related side effects. Currently, there is no standardized perioperative analgesic protocol for this procedure, and high-quality evidence is lacking on whether nerve blocks offer a meaningful net benefit in this context.

This study evaluates the net clinical benefit of preoperative popliteal sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks in ankle arthroscopy by assessing their effect on early postoperative pain control and functional mobility. Outcomes are measured through the highest pain scores within 24 hours and assessments of ambulation ability, aiming to inform clinical decision-making regarding perioperative analgesia strategies.

Hypothesis

Compared to sham blocks, preoperative popliteal sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks significantly reduce the highest postoperative pain scores (NRS 0-10) in the recovery room after ankle arthroscopy, but may also result in reduced ankle motor strength and decreased early ambulation ability.

Surgical and Anesthetic Protocol

All patients receive general anesthesia, maintained with propofol and remifentanil according to body weight. Anesthetic depth is titrated to maintain a BIS value between 40-60 while ensuring hemodynamic stability. A standardized dose of 5 mg of tropisetron is administered postoperatively to prevent PONV.

Postoperative analgesia includes celecoxib 200 mg BID and acetaminophen 500 mg every 6 hours, with oxycodone-acetaminophen (325 mg/5 mg) available as rescue analgesia if needed.

Outcome Measures

Highest NRS pain score within 24 hours postoperatively

Total opioid consumption in the first 24 hours

Average pain score at 24 hours post-op

Patient-reported ankle weakness (NRS 1-10)

Patient satisfaction with postoperative analgesia (4-point Likert scale)

Degrees of ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, and MRC muscle strength grading (0-5), assessed pre-block and at discharge

Total hospital stay duration

Total costs related to anesthesia and analgesia

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 70
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: zongyou Pan, Doctoral degree; Phone Number: 86-19857004757; Email: panzongyou@gmail.com

Study Locations

• China
  • Zhejiang
    • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
      • Recruiting
      • The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine
      • Contact: zongyou pan, Doctoral degree; Phone Number: 0571-87783777; Email: panzongyou@gmail.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Age between 18 and 65 years

ASA physical status classification I-II

Scheduled to undergo ankle arthroscopy under general anesthesia

Expected to be available for follow-up on the day of surgery (day-case or short-stay surgery)

Able to understand the procedures and methods of the clinical trial and voluntarily provide written informed consent

Body mass index (BMI) between 16 and 32 kg/m²

Exclusion Criteria:

History of severe ankle nerve injury or peripheral neuropathy

Severe cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, or renal dysfunction

Chronic pain or regular use of opioid analgesics for more than 3 months

History of extensive ankle or lower leg surgery that may affect nerve localization

Psychiatric disorders or cognitive impairment that preclude accurate NRS pain scoring

Pregnancy or breastfeeding

Known allergy or contraindication to any of the study drugs

Any other condition deemed unsuitable for inclusion by the investigators

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: PNB group; Prior to anesthesia induction, patients received nerve blocks in the anesthesia preparation room. In the prone position, under ultrasound guidance, the anesthesiologist performed a sciatic nerve block with 20 mL and a saphenous nerve block with 10 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine, for a total volume of 30 mL. The success of the block was assessed by the anesthesiologist based on circumferential spread of the local anesthetic around the target nerves under ultrasound, along with sensory reduction over the dorsum and plantar surface of the foot, the lateral foot, and the area around the Achilles tendon.	Procedure: Ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic and saphenous nerve block; Ultrasound-guided sciatic (20 mL) and saphenous (10 mL) nerve blocks using 0.25% ropivacaine were administered in the prone position before induction. Block success was confirmed via ultrasound (circumferential spread) and sensory loss in relevant ankle dermatomes.
Placebo Comparator: placebo group; In the control group, the procedure was identical, except that an equal volume of 0.9% saline was administered in place of ropivacaine.	Procedure: Placebo nerve block; The control group underwent the same procedure, with an equivalent volume of 0.9% normal saline injected instead of local anesthetic.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
The patient's highest NRS pain score within 24 hours postoperatively	within 24 hours postoperatively

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
NRS pain score at 24 hours postoperatively	at 24 hours postoperatively
Opioid consumption within 24 hours postoperatively (OME)	within 24 hours postoperatively
Patient-reported ankle weakness (0-10 NRS)	Within 24 hours after surgery
Ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion angles, as well as manual muscle strength graded by the MRC scale (0-5), were assessed before the nerve block and at the time of discharge.	Within 24 hours after surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 30, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): November 30, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 4, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 9, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): March 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 13, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 9, 2026
• Last Verified: December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Ankle arthroscopy，Pain management，Opioid-sparing
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2026-0051

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No