Acute Effects of Active Breaks and Physically Active Learning in University Students (PAL UNI)
Acute Effects of Active Breaks and Physically Active Learning on Executive Functions, Interest-Enjoyment, and Academic Performance in University Students
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
This is a multicenter, randomized, counterbalanced crossover study conducted in university students from eight Spanish universities.
Participants will first complete a familiarization session in which study procedures, cognitive assessments, and the participant identification system will be explained and practiced.
Each participant will subsequently complete four experimental sessions, separated by at least one week whenever feasible. Each experimental session will include:
- A 10-minute PRE assessment including Stroop and N-Back tests.
- Approximately 45 minutes of regular academic instruction.
- A 15-minute experimental classroom break.
- Up to 10 additional minutes of regular instruction.
- An immediate POST assessment including Stroop, N-Back, a 10-item academic performance test, perceived exertion, and interest-enjoyment.
The four experimental conditions will be:
A. Sedentary free break without academic content. B. Sedentary academic review using true/false questions. C. Active break without academic content. D. Physically active learning combining the same physical activities used in Condition C with academic true/false questions.
The order of the four conditions will be randomized and counterbalanced across participating groups. Participants will therefore act as their own controls.
A subsample of participants may wear accelerometers to objectively characterize physical activity and sedentary behavior during the experimental sessions.
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Anslået)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiekontakt
Studiekontakt
- Navn: Carlos Martín-Martínez, PhD
- Telefonnummer: +34914884880
- E-mail: carlos.martinm@urjc.es
Studiesteder
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Navarre
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Pamplona, Navarre, Spanien
- Universidad Pública de Navarra
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Kontakt:
- Óscar Martínez de Quel Pérez, PhD
- Telefonnummer: +34948169479
- E-mail: oscar.martinezdequel@unavarra.es
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-
Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Voksen
- Ældre voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- University students aged 18 years or older.
- Currently enrolled in one of the participating university courses/classes.
- Provision of informed consent.
- Ability to participate safely in light-to-moderate classroom physical activity.
- Ability to complete computerized cognitive assessments.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Injury, illness, or medical condition contraindicating participation in physical activity.
- Acute illness or other condition on the day of testing likely to substantially affect attention or cognitive performance.
- Inability to complete the required computerized cognitive assessments.
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Grundvidenskab
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Crossover opgave
- Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
|
Ingen indgriben: Sedentary Free Break
Participants complete a 15-minute sedentary break without structured physical activity or academic review.
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Eksperimentel: Sedentary Academic Review
Participants remain sedentary during a 15-minute academic review activity based on true/false questions related to content presented during the preceding 45 minutes of class.
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A 15-minute sedentary academic review activity using 10 true/false questions based on academic content presented during the first 45 minutes of the session.
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Eksperimentel: Active Break Without Academic Content
Participants complete a standardized 15-minute active break involving moderate physical activities without academic content.
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A standardized 15-minute classroom physical activity break without academic content.
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Eksperimentel: Physically Active Learning
Participants complete a standardized 15-minute physically active learning session combining physical movements with true/false questions related to academic content presented during the preceding 45 minutes.
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A standardized 15-minute intervention combining physical activity with academic true/false questions.
Participants respond to academic questions through predefined physical movements.
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Inhibitory Control Assessed by the Stroop Test
Tidsramme: Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the 15-minute experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Inhibitory control will be assessed using the Stroop task.
Outcomes will include response accuracy and reaction time.
Acute change will be calculated by comparing PRE and POST performance within each experimental session.
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Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the 15-minute experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Change in Working Memory Assessed by the N-Back Test
Tidsramme: Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Working memory will be assessed using the N-Back task.
Outcomes will include accuracy, omissions/errors, and reaction time.
Acute change will be calculated from PRE to POST within each experimental session.
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Immediately before and approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Immediate Academic Performance
Tidsramme: Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Academic performance will be assessed using a 10-item multiple-choice test developed specifically for the academic content taught during each experimental session.
Each question will have three response options and one correct answer.
The outcome will be the number of correct responses, ranging from 0 to 10.
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Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Interest-Enjoyment
Tidsramme: Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Interest and enjoyment will be assessed using three items from the Interest/Enjoyment subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory.
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Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion
Tidsramme: Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Perceived exertion during the 15-minute experimental condition will be assessed using a 0-10 Rating of Perceived Exertion scale, where higher scores indicate greater perceived exertion.
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Approximately 10 minutes after the experimental condition, during each of the four experimental sessions.
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Andre resultatmål
Andre resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Physical Activity During Experimental Sessions
Tidsramme: Throughout each experimental classroom session, approximately 2 hours.
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In a subsample of participants, triaxial accelerometers will objectively assess sedentary time, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and mean activity intensity during the experimental sessions.
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Throughout each experimental classroom session, approximately 2 hours.
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Samarbejdspartnere
Samarbejdspartnere
Efterforskere
Efterforskere
- Ledende efterforsker: Carlos Martín-Martínez, PhD, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Studieleder: Óscar Martínez de Quel Pérez, PhD, Universidad Pública de Navarra
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Anslået)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Anslået)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Nøgleord
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- PAL-UNI-2026
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?
IPD-planbeskrivelse
Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret lægemiddelprodukt
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret enhedsprodukt
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