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Effects of a Digital Game-Based Educational Intervention on Midwifery Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care and Empathy

7. november 2026 opdateret af: Sule Gokyildiz Surucu, Cukurova University

Evaluation of the Effect of a Digital Game-Based Instructional Design Developed for Respectful Maternity Care on Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care and Empathy Skills

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a digital game-based educational intervention developed to teach respectful maternity care on midwifery students' perceptions of respectful maternity care and empathy skills.

The study is designed as an interventional study involving fourth-year midwifery students. Participants will be assigned to an intervention group or a control group according to the study protocol. Students in the intervention group will receive digital game-based education focusing on respectful maternity care, including effective communication, informed decision-making, privacy, dignity, and supportive care during childbirth. Students in the control group will not receive the digital game-based intervention during the study period.

Participants' perceptions of respectful maternity care and empathy skills will be assessed before and after the intervention using the measurement instruments specified in the study protocol.

The findings are expected to provide evidence regarding the potential contribution of digital game-based education to respectful maternity care training in midwifery education.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This study employs a mixed-methods design and consists of three phases.

Phase 1 - Digital Game Development

A web-based digital educational game focusing on respectful maternity care will be developed based on the World Health Organization recommendations on intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience, the International Confederation of Midwives' principles of respectful care, the White Ribbon Alliance Respectful Maternity Care Charter, and relevant FIGO guidelines.

The game will consist of four levels covering admission, labor, birth, and postpartum care. Each level will include scenario-based clinical situations, decision-making options, and immediate feedback. Content validity will be evaluated through expert review, and the game will be finalized following pilot testing.

Phase 2 - Randomized Controlled Trial

Fourth-year midwifery students enrolled at Cukurova University Faculty of Health Sciences will be randomly allocated to an intervention group (n=49) or a control group (n=49). Simple randomization will be performed using randomizer.org by an independent statistician.

The sample size was calculated using G\*Power software, assuming an effect size of 0.5, a significance level of 0.05, and a statistical power of 80%, with an additional 10% allowance for potential data loss.

The intervention group will receive digital game-based education on respectful maternity care. The control group will receive traditional face-to-face education delivered through a PowerPoint presentation covering the same educational content. Following completion of the posttest assessments, students in the control group will also be offered access to the digital game-based education.

Outcome measures will be assessed before and immediately after the educational intervention.

Phase 3 - Qualitative Interviews

Qualitative interviews will be conducted with students from the intervention group to explore their experiences and perceptions of digital game-based learning.

Statistical Analysis

Quantitative data will be analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to assess normality. Depending on the distribution of the data, independent-samples and paired-samples t-tests or their nonparametric alternatives (Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests) will be applied. Statistical significance will be set at p < 0.05.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

98

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Undersøgelse Kontakt Backup

Studiesteder

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

18 år og ældre (Voksen, Ældre voksen)

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Køn, der er berettiget til at studere

Alle

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Volunteering to participate in the study
  • Being a fourth-year midwifery student
  • Having passed the Birth Knowledge IV course

Exclusion Criteria:

- Being a first-, second- or third-year midwifery student

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Andet
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Digital Game-Based Education

Fourth-year midwifery students will receive education on respectful childbirth care through a web-based digital game consisting of four levels (admission, labor, birth and postpartum care) with scenario-based clinical situations, decision-making options and immediate feedback.

A web-based digital educational game on respectful childbirth care consisting of four levels (admission, labor, birth and postpartum care). Each level includes scenario-based clinical situations in which students choose the most appropriate approach and receive immediate feedback.

Aktiv komparator: Traditional Education

Fourth-year midwifery students will receive face-to-face education on respectful childbirth care using a PowerPoint presentation covering the same content as the digital game. After the posttest, students in this group will also be offered the digital game-based education.

Face-to-face lecture on respectful childbirth care delivered with a PowerPoint presentation, covering the same content as the digital game.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care (SP-RMC) Scale Score
Tidsramme: Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education

Measured with the Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care (SP-RMC) Scale developed by Dhakal et al.; Turkish validity and reliability study by Camlibel and Uludag (2023). The scale consists of 18 items and three subscales (respectful care, safety and comfort, supportive care) rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree); items 1-10 are reverse-scored. Total scores range from 18 to 90; higher scores indicate more positive perceptions of respectful maternity care.

Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE)
Tidsramme: Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education

Measured with the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) developed by Hojat (2002); Turkish version: "Jefferson Empati Olcegi" (Yanik and Saygili, 2013). The scale consists of 20 items and three subscales (perspective taking, compassionate care, standing in the patient's shoes) rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). Total scores range from 20 to 140; higher scores indicate a higher level of empathy.

Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education
Respectful Childbirth Care Knowledge Form Score
Tidsramme: Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education

Measured with the Respectful Childbirth Care Knowledge Form ("Saygili Dogum Bakimina Iliskin Bilgi Formu") developed by the researchers based on WHO, ICM, White Ribbon Alliance and FIGO guidelines. The form consists of 41 statements answered as "Yes/No"; correct answers are scored 1 and incorrect or blank answers 0. Total scores range from 0 to 41; higher scores indicate a higher level of knowledge. Content validity will be assessed by at least five academic experts in women's health and childbirth.

Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education
Gameful Experience Scale (GAMEX) Score
Tidsramme: Immediately after the education

Measured with the Gameful Experience Scale (GAMEX) developed by Eppmann et al. (2018); Turkish version: "Oyun Deneyimi Olcegi" (Donmez et al.). The scale consists of 27 items and six subscales (enjoyment, absorption, creative thinking, activation, absence of negative affect, dominance) rated on a 5-point Likert scale; items of the absence of negative affect subscale are reverse-scored. Total scores range from 27 to 135; higher scores indicate a better gameful experience. Applied only to the intervention group.

Immediately after the education

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

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Sponsor

Efterforskere

  • Studieleder: Sule Gokyildiz Surucu, PhD, Cukurova University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

1. februar 2027

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

1. juni 2027

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

1. december 2028

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

7. november 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

7. november 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

13. november 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

13. november 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

7. november 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. november 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 05.06.2026/167-47

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