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Salivary Microbiota and Antimicrobial Resistance in Relation to Chlorhexidine Use (SMARCH)

30. april 2026 opdateret af: Masaryk University

Study Protocol for 16S rRNA Sequencing of Healthy Oral Microbiota

This study evaluated the ecological effects of 0.06% chlorhexidine toothpaste on the salivary microbiota of healthy individuals, focusing on taxonomic composition, functional shifts, and prevalence of predicted antimicrobial resistance genes. Saliva samples were collected from eleven healthy participants at three specific time points: baseline (following a 4-week run-in period using a control toothpaste), intervention (after 12 weeks of using 0.06% chlorhexidine digluconate toothpaste), and washout (after a subsequent 12-week period using the control toothpaste). Sequencing targeted the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

11

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Tjekkiet
      • Brno, Tjekkiet, 62500
        • Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University
      • Brno, Tjekkiet, 62500
        • Skydent s.r.o.

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age: Between 25-44 years.
  • General Health: Good systemic health (absence of chronic inflammatory diseases or conditions affecting oral tissues).
  • Oral Hygiene Routine: Participants must perform toothbrushing twice a day and use interdental cleaning aids once a day.
  • Plaque Index (PI): A score of 0.0-0.2 according to Silness and Löe.
  • Gingival Index (GI): A score of 0.0-0.143 according to Silness and Löe.

Exclusion Criteria:

Systemic and Lifestyle Factors:

  • Presence of any chronic systemic disease (e.g., diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disorders)
  • Regular use of medications that may affect gingival status or saliva production.
  • Use of antibiotics within the last 6 months prior to the study.
  • Current pregnancy or lactation.
  • Current smokers or users of other tobacco/nicotine products.

Oral and Dental Factors:

  • Active dental disease: Presence of untreated tooth decay, gingivitis (GI > 0.143), or any form of periodontitis.
  • Prosthetics and Implants: Presence of dental implants, dentures, or significant tooth loss (excluding extracted third molars).
  • Ongoing fixed or removable orthodontic treatment.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Sundhedstjenesteforskning
  • Tildeling: N/A
  • Interventionel model: Enkelt gruppeopgave
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Experimental: Chlorhexidine group
A single group of 11 healthy volunteers. The study consists of three consecutive phases: baseline (4 weeks), intervention with 0.06% chlorhexidine toothpaste (12 weeks), and washout (12 weeks).
Medicin: 0.06% Chlorhexidine Digluconate Toothpaste
Participants used the toothpaste twice daily for 12 weeks.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Salivary Microbial Alpha Diversity (Shannon and Simpson Indices)
Tidsramme: Baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 12), and after washout (week 24).
Evaluation of microbial richness and evenness within individual saliva samples. Alpha diversity is quantified using the Shannon and Simpson indices based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Differences between study phases (baseline, intervention, washout) are assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.
Baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 12), and after washout (week 24).
Change in Salivary Microbial Beta Diversity (Community Structure)
Tidsramme: Baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 12), and after washout (week 24).
Evaluation of differences in microbial community composition between study phases. Calculated using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity on Centered Log-Ratio (CLR) normalized data and assessed via PERMANOVA to detect significant shifts (p < 0.05).
Baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 12), and after washout (week 24).

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Differential Abundance of Salivary Bacterial Taxa
Tidsramme: Baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 12), and after washout (week 24).
Evaluation of shifts in the relative abundance of bacterial taxa (at phylum, family, genus, and species levels) using 16S rRNA sequencing (V3-V4 region). Statistical analysis is performed using DESeq2 and edgeR to identify significant differences between study phases, with multiple testing corrections applied using the Benjamini-Hochberg (FDR) method (FDR < 0.05).
Baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 12), and after washout (week 24).
Changes in Predicted Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs)
Tidsramme: Baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 12), and after washout (week 24).
Functional prediction of the salivary microbiota conducted using PICRUSt2. Assessment of metabolic potential and antimicrobial resistance pathways with significance assessed using adjusted p-values (p-adj < 0.05).
Baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 12), and after washout (week 24).
Gingival Index (GI) for Clinical Stability Assessment
Tidsramme: Screening (Week -4) and after washout (Week 24).
Assessment of gingival health using the Silness and Löe Gingival Index (scale 0-3). This measure is used to verify that participants maintain optimal oral health throughout the study. Eligibility is strictly limited to participants with a maximum GI of 0.143 at screening to ensure a healthy baseline and to monitor that no gingival inflammation occurs during the study period.
Screening (Week -4) and after washout (Week 24).
Plaque Index (PI) for Clinical Stability Assessment
Tidsramme: Screening (Week -4) and after washout (Week 24).
Assessment of dental plaque accumulation using the Silness and Löe Plaque Index (scale 0-3). This measure is used to ensure consistent oral hygiene. Eligibility is strictly limited to participants with a maximum PI of 0.2 at screening. The index is monitored to confirm that participants adhere to the required oral hygiene protocol throughout the study.
Screening (Week -4) and after washout (Week 24).

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Masaryk University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

11. april 2022

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

29. november 2022

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

29. november 2022

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

30. april 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

30. april 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

6. maj 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

6. maj 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

30. april 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. april 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 68/2020
  • MUNI/A/1807/2025 (Andet bevillings-/finansieringsnummer: Masaryk University)

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

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INGEN

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Kliniske forsøg med Klorhexidin

Kliniske forsøg med 0.06% Chlorhexidine Digluconate Toothpaste

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