Graded Motor Imagery in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Is There an Advantage to Incorporating a Central Nervous System-targeted Intervention Within an Exercise Program for Individuals Diagnosed With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Studienübersicht
Status
Status
Bedingungen
Bedingungen
Intervention / Behandlung
Intervention / Behandlung
Detaillierte Beschreibung
Studientyp
Studientyp
Einschreibung (Geschätzt)
Einschreibung
Phase
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Studienkontakt
Studienkontakt
- Name: Zeynep Yıldız Kızkın
- Telefonnummer: +905346945085
- E-Mail: pt.zeynepyildiz@gmail.com
Teilnahmekriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
- Erwachsene
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Beschreibung
Inclusion Criteria:
- mild to moderate unilateral CTS based on the Bland classification of electrodiagnostic testing ;
- positive Phalen or Tinel tests;
- symptoms such as paresthesia and pain associated with CTS that last longer than 3 months;
- patients aged 30-60 years (when CTS becomes more prevalent);
- patients who achieved a minimum score of 24 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
Exclusion Criteria:
- bilateral CTS;
- history of prior CTS surgery;
- clinical indicators of cervical radiculopathy or polyneuropathy;
- pregnancy or cognitive impairment;
- the presence of orthopedic, neurological, or functional problems on the unaffected side that could affect hand function (e.g., history of trauma or surgery, peripheral nerve injury, tendinopathy, tenosynovitis, trigger finger, arthritis, sequelae of a fracture, etc.);
- receipt of any conservative treatment for CTS within the last month.
Studienplan
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Behandlung
- Zuteilung: Zufällig
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Single
Anzahl der Arme
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / ArmTeilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlungIntervention / Behandlung |
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Experimental: Graded Motor Imagery
Each patient in the Graded Motor Imagery group will receive a treatment protocol consisting of Graded Motor Imagery, progressive neurodynamic exercises, and nighttime resting splints.
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GMI includes three stages. GMI program will span over 6 weeks. The first 2 weeks will focus on lateralization, followed by 2 weeks of motor imagery, and the final 2 weeks will involve mirror therapy. Lateralization: Patients will be asked to differentiate whether the hands shown in the Recognise™ Hand application belongs to the right or left side of their body. Motor Imagery: Patients will be instructed to imagine slowly and smoothly moving their affected extremities to the posture depicted in the photos in the Recognise™ Hand application and then returning to the starting position. Mirror Therapy: Using a mirror measuring 300 x 300 x 300 mm³ placed between the upper extremities, patients will be instructed to progressively move only their unaffected extremity, then their affected extremity, and finally both extremities.
The progressive neurodynamic exercises involved holding each position for 5 seconds.
Each session included two sets of 10 repetitions (2×10).
The treatment lasted for 30-minute sessions, conducted twice weekly over a total of 6 weeks.
The night splint was fitted with a wrist splint that keeps the wrist in a neutral position, permits finger flexion, maintains the wrist within a 0°-5° extension range, and ends just distal to the distal palmar crease.
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Aktiver Komparator: Progressive Neurodynamic Exercises
Each patient in the progressive neurodynamic exercises group will receive a treatment protocol consisting of progressive neurodynamic exercises and nighttime resting splints.
|
The progressive neurodynamic exercises involved holding each position for 5 seconds.
Each session included two sets of 10 repetitions (2×10).
The treatment lasted for 30-minute sessions, conducted twice weekly over a total of 6 weeks.
The night splint was fitted with a wrist splint that keeps the wrist in a neutral position, permits finger flexion, maintains the wrist within a 0°-5° extension range, and ends just distal to the distal palmar crease.
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Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH)
Zeitfenster: Baseline
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DASH is a 30-item self-report tool assessing upper-extremity disability and symptoms, including daily activities, pain, numbness, joint stiffness, weakness, sleep issues, and psychological effects.
Examples include turning a doorknob, changing a light bulb, and cutting food.
Scores range from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate more severe symptoms and impairment.
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Baseline
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Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH)
Zeitfenster: After the 6-week intervention
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DASH is a 30-item self-report tool assessing upper-extremity disability and symptoms, including daily activities, pain, numbness, joint stiffness, weakness, sleep issues, and psychological effects.
Examples include turning a doorknob, changing a light bulb, and cutting food.
Scores range from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate more severe symptoms and impairment.
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After the 6-week intervention
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Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
|
Mini-Geistesprüfung
Zeitfenster: Grundlinie
|
Die Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) wird zur Beurteilung des kognitiven Status von Patienten eingesetzt.
Es besteht aus 11 Fragen und wird auf einer Skala von 30 Punkten bewertet.
Ein Wert zwischen 24 und 30 gilt als normal, ein Wert zwischen 18 und 23 weist auf eine leichte kognitive Beeinträchtigung hin und ein Wert von 17 oder weniger deutet auf eine schwere Demenz hin.
Beim MMSE werden Orientierung, Gedächtnis, Aufmerksamkeit, Berechnung, Erinnerung, Sprache, motorische Funktion, Wahrnehmung und visuell-räumliche Fähigkeiten bewertet.
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Grundlinie
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Mini Mental State Examination
Zeitfenster: After the 6-week intervention
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The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) will be used to assess the cognitive status of patients.
It consists of 11 questions and is evaluated on a scale of 30 points.
A score between 24-30 is considered normal, 18-23 indicates mild cognitive impairment, and a score of 17 or below is indicative of severe dementia.
The MMSE assesses orientation, memory, attention, calculation, recall, language, motor function, perception, and visuospatial abilities.
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After the 6-week intervention
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Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ)
Zeitfenster: Baseline
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A patient-reported assessment uses a 5-point Likert scale with two subscales: the 11-item Symptom Severity Scale (CTSQ-S) for symptom intensity like numbness and pain, and the 8-item Functional Status Scale (CTSQ-F) for ADL ability such as writing and dressing.
Higher scores mean more severe symptoms and impairment.
The BCTQ shows high reliability, validity, and sensitivity to clinical changes.
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Baseline
|
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Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ)
Zeitfenster: After the 6-week intervention
|
A patient-reported assessment uses a 5-point Likert scale with two subscales: the 11-item Symptom Severity Scale (CTSQ-S) for symptom intensity like numbness and pain, and the 8-item Functional Status Scale (CTSQ-F) for ADL ability such as writing and dressing.
Higher scores mean more severe symptoms and impairment.
The BCTQ shows high reliability, validity, and sensitivity to clinical changes.
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After the 6-week intervention
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The Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test
Zeitfenster: Baseline
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The assessment used a monofilament test (0.49-0.96), known for high sensitivity in diagnosing CTS.
Sensory thresholds were checked at the radial tips of the thumbs, index, middle, and ring fingers.
The monofilament was applied perpendicularly to the dorsal finger pads with eyes closed and the wrist in a neutral position.
Pressure was applied for 1 to 1.5 seconds until slight bending of the filament.
Lower readings indicate better sensory function; higher readings suggest worse light touch perception.
A gauge of 2.83 grams is the normal threshold, while 3.22 grams or higher indicates moderate-to-severe sensory impairment in CTS.
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Baseline
|
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The Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test
Zeitfenster: After the 6-week intervention
|
The assessment used a monofilament test (0.49-0.96), known for high sensitivity in diagnosing CTS.
Sensory thresholds were checked at the radial tips of the thumbs, index, middle, and ring fingers.
The monofilament was applied perpendicularly to the dorsal finger pads with eyes closed and the wrist in a neutral position.
Pressure was applied for 1 to 1.5 seconds until slight bending of the filament.
Lower readings indicate better sensory function; higher readings suggest worse light touch perception.
A gauge of 2.83 grams is the normal threshold, while 3.22 grams or higher indicates moderate-to-severe sensory impairment in CTS.
|
After the 6-week intervention
|
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Purdue Pegboard Test
Zeitfenster: Baseline
|
The Purdue Pegboard consists of 50 holes in two columns, with pins, washers, and sleeves in four recesses at the top.
Patients sat in front of the apparatus and performed four tests: the dominant hand, non-dominant hand, two-hand, and assembly test.
For the hand tests, they inserted pins into holes with their hands for 30 seconds each; the two-hand test used both hands.
In the assembly test, they placed materials in order: pin → washer → collars → washer within 60 seconds.
Each test was repeated three times, and scores were averaged.
This test assesses fine motor skills, coordination, finger dexterity, hand-eye coordination, and small object manipulation; lower scores indicate poorer hand skills.
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Baseline
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Purdue Pegboard Test
Zeitfenster: After the 6-week intervention
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The Purdue Pegboard consists of 50 holes in two columns, with pins, washers, and sleeves in four recesses at the top.
Patients sat in front of the apparatus and performed four tests: the dominant hand, non-dominant hand, two-hand, and assembly test.
For the hand tests, they inserted pins into holes with their hands for 30 seconds each; the two-hand test used both hands.
In the assembly test, they placed materials in order: pin → washer → collars → washer within 60 seconds.
Each test was repeated three times, and scores were averaged.
This test assesses fine motor skills, coordination, finger dexterity, hand-eye coordination, and small object manipulation; lower scores indicate poorer hand skills.
|
After the 6-week intervention
|
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The Two-Point Discrimination Test
Zeitfenster: Baseline
|
The two-point discrimination threshold was evaluated using an esthesiometer applied to the pulp of the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
During the evaluation, participants' eyes remained closed, and light stimuli, consisting of either one or two points, were randomly presented along the longitudinal axis of the fingers.
The procedure began at a distance of 5 mm, with 10 trials conducted at each specified interval.
If the participant failed to achieve at least seven correct responses, the distance was increased by 1 mm, and the test was repeated.
The discrimination threshold was defined as the smallest distance at which at least seven out of ten responses were correct.
Testing was discontinued at a maximum distance of 15 mm, with values below 6 mm considered within normal limits.
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Baseline
|
|
The Two-Point Discrimination Test
Zeitfenster: After the 6-week intervention
|
The two-point discrimination threshold was evaluated using an esthesiometer applied to the pulp of the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
During the evaluation, participants' eyes remained closed, and light stimuli, consisting of either one or two points, were randomly presented along the longitudinal axis of the fingers.
The procedure began at a distance of 5 mm, with 10 trials conducted at each specified interval.
If the participant failed to achieve at least seven correct responses, the distance was increased by 1 mm, and the test was repeated.
The discrimination threshold was defined as the smallest distance at which at least seven out of ten responses were correct.
Testing was discontinued at a maximum distance of 15 mm, with values below 6 mm considered within normal limits.
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After the 6-week intervention
|
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Grip Strength
Zeitfenster: Baseline
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Grip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer.
The participant sat comfortably with shoulder abducted, elbow at 90°, and forearm neutral.
The wrist was between 0° and 30° extension.
Each hand was tested three times with one-minute rests, and the average was recorded.
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Baseline
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Grip Strength
Zeitfenster: After the 6-week intervention
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Grip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer.
The participant sat comfortably with shoulder abducted, elbow at 90°, and forearm neutral.
The wrist was between 0° and 30° extension.
Each hand was tested three times with one-minute rests, and the average was recorded.
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After the 6-week intervention
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Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
Sponsor
Sponsor
Ermittler
Ermittler
- Hauptermittler: Zeynep Yıldız Kızkın, Artvin Coruh University
Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn (Geschätzt)
Studienbeginn
Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)
Primärer Abschluss
Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)
Studienabschluss
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Zuerst gepostet
Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen
Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Letztes Update gepostet
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Zuletzt verifiziert
Zuletzt verifiziert
Mehr Informationen
Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie
Schlüsselwörter
Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- Graded Motor Imagery in CTS
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