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Water Exchange Colonoscopy in Elderly Patients

15. September 2026 aktualisiert von: Yongjian Liao, First People's Hospital Of Lin'an District, Hangzhou

Water Exchange Colonoscopy in Elderly Patients: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Colonoscopy is an important test for detecting colorectal polyps and cancer, but it can cause pain and discomfort, especially in older adults. Traditional colonoscopy uses air to expand the colon. Water exchange colonoscopy uses warm water instead of air, which may reduce pain and make the examination easier. This study compared four colonoscopy methods in patients aged 55 years and older: non-anesthesia water injection, non-anesthesia gas insufflation, anesthesia water injection, and anesthesia gas insufflation. Two hundred participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. The study measured pain using a visual analog scale, the time needed to reach the cecum, and blood levels of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2). The results may help doctors choose a safer and more comfortable colonoscopy method for older patients, especially when anesthesia may not be suitable.

Studienübersicht

Status

Abgeschlossen

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

Background: Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality increase with age, and colonoscopy is essential for screening and managing colorectal polyps. Conventional gas insufflation can cause abdominal distension, pain, and loop formation, particularly in elderly patients who often have relaxed abdominal muscles, elongated colons, and comorbidities that increase anesthesia risk. Water exchange colonoscopy has been reported to reduce pain by using warm water to navigate the colon without full gas distension.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of non-anesthesia water exchange colonoscopy in elderly patients and compare it with anesthesia water exchange, non-anesthesia gas insufflation, and anesthesia gas insufflation.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial that enrolled 200 patients aged 55 years or older undergoing colonoscopy between November 2024 and December 2025. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) using a random number table to four groups (n=50 each): non-anesthesia water injection (NW), non-anesthesia gas insufflation (NA), anesthesia water injection (AW), and anesthesia gas insufflation (AA). All procedures were performed by an experienced endoscopist using a high-definition colonoscope (Olympus CF-HQ290I). Bowel preparation used standard polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder. In water injection groups, warm water at 37°C was injected through the biopsy channel during insertion, with suction of gas and fluid as needed. In gas insufflation groups, conventional air insufflation was used. Anesthesia groups received intravenous propofol combined with a small amount of opioid, administered by an anesthesiologist with continuous vital sign monitoring. The non-anesthesia groups received no anesthesia or analgesia.

Outcomes: The primary outcomes included maximum pain score during examination measured by a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), cecal intubation time (minutes from insertion to identification of the ileocecal landmark), and serum levels of inflammatory and pain mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2) measured by ELISA before and during colonoscopy. Non-inferiority of AW versus NW was assessed for inflammatory mediator inhibition using pre-specified margins. Statistical analysis used SPSS 25.0, with one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test, chi-square test, and non-inferiority testing; P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)

200

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienorte

    • Zhejiang
      • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 311300
        • Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lin'an District, Hangzhou

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

55 Jahre bis 80 Jahre (Erwachsene, Älterer Erwachsener)

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Nein

Studienberechtigte Geschlechter

Alle

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ≥ 55 years
  2. Indications for colonoscopy
  3. Signed informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of intestinal surgery
  2. Severe intestinal stenosis or obstruction
  3. Cognitive impairment that precludes cooperation with assessment

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Screening
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Keine (Offenes Etikett)

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: Non-anesthesia water injection (NW)

Participants receive water exchange colonoscopy without anesthesia. Warm water at 37°C is injected through the biopsy channel during insertion; gas and fluid are aspirated as needed. No anesthesia or analgesia is administered.

During endoscope insertion, warm water at 37°C is injected through the biopsy channel to facilitate the procedure. Gas and liquid within the cavity are aspirated as thoroughly as possible. A minimal amount of gas is introduced for observation when necessary.

Andere Namen:
  • Water-aided colonoscopy
Experimental: Non-anesthesia gas insufflation (NA)

Participants receive conventional gas insufflation colonoscopy without anesthesia. Air is used to expand the intestinal lumen. No anesthesia or analgesia is administered.

Conventional air insufflation is employed to expand the intestinal lumen, thereby aiding in endoscope insertion.

Andere Namen:
  • Air insufflation colonoscopy
Experimental: Anesthesia water injection (AW)

Participants receive water exchange colonoscopy under intravenous general anesthesia with propofol and a small quantity of opioid drugs, administered by an anesthesiologist with continuous vital sign monitoring.

During endoscope insertion, warm water at 37°C is injected through the biopsy channel to facilitate the procedure. Gas and liquid within the cavity are aspirated as thoroughly as possible. A minimal amount of gas is introduced for observation when necessary.

Andere Namen:
  • Water-aided colonoscopy

Intravenous general anesthesia consisting of propofol combined with a small quantity of opioid drugs, administered by an anesthesiologist prior to the examination, with continuous monitoring of vital signs.

Andere Namen:
  • Intravenöse Anästhesie
Experimental: Anesthesia gas insufflation (AA)

Participants receive conventional gas insufflation colonoscopy under intravenous general anesthesia with propofol and a small quantity of opioid drugs, administered by an anesthesiologist with continuous vital sign monitoring.

Conventional air insufflation is employed to expand the intestinal lumen, thereby aiding in endoscope insertion.

Andere Namen:
  • Air insufflation colonoscopy

Intravenous general anesthesia consisting of propofol combined with a small quantity of opioid drugs, administered by an anesthesiologist prior to the examination, with continuous monitoring of vital signs.

Andere Namen:
  • Intravenöse Anästhesie

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Serum inflammatory factors and pain mediators
Zeitfenster: Baseline and periprocedural

Change from baseline in serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) measured by ELISA before and during colonoscopy. Used for non-inferiority comparison between non-anesthesia water injection (NW) and anesthesia water injection (AW).

Baseline and periprocedural
Pain score (VAS)
Zeitfenster: Periprocedural

Maximum pain level during colonoscopy assessed by the patient using a visual analog scale (VAS, 0-10 points, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 signifies severe pain).

Periprocedural

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Cecal intubation time
Zeitfenster: Periprocedural

Duration from colonoscope insertion to reaching the ileocecal area and identifying the cecal landmark (e.g., appendiceal orifice or ileocecal valve), recorded in minutes.

Periprocedural
Adverse events
Zeitfenster: Periprocedural

Incidence of procedure-related adverse events, including abdominal distension, pain, intestinal perforation, respiratory depression, cardiovascular events, and allergic reactions.

Periprocedural

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Ermittler

  • Hauptermittler: Yongjian Liao, MD, First People's Hospital of Hangzhou

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

1. November 2024

Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)

1. Dezember 2025

Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)

1. Januar 2026

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

10. September 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

15. September 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

21. September 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

21. September 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

15. September 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. September 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • LY2024013K

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

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NEIN

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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