Diese Seite wurde automatisch übersetzt und die Genauigkeit der Übersetzung wird nicht garantiert. Bitte wende dich an die englische Version für einen Quelltext.

Glycaemic Response of Arabic Bread

10. Juni 2026 aktualisiert von: Wejdan Shamakhay, University of Nottingham

Glycaemic Response to Arabic Bread Formulated With Alternative Flour Blends: A Comparison With Arabic Wheat Bread

Bread remains one of the most widely consumed staple foods worldwide, with wheat flour serving as its traditional foundation. However, the widespread dependence on refined wheat-based bread has paralleled the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), partly owing to its high glycaemic index (GI), which results in rapid increases in blood glucose levels. Enhancing the nutritional quality of bread, therefore, represents an important target for dietary intervention.

Developing alternative flour blends for bread production presents a potential strategy for improving glycaemic control and supporting glucose homeostasis. Accordingly, this clinical trial aims to determine whether the partial replacement of wheat flour with legume flours, including chickpea, pea, and lentil, in Arabic bread formulations can lower glycaemic responses compared with traditional Arabic wheat bread.

Studienübersicht

Detaillierte Beschreibung

This study will be a crossover trial. Participants living with overweight and obesity will be recruited and fully informed about the study before giving informed consent. Eligible participants will attend the University of Nottingham on 4 separate visits following an overnight fast of at least 10 hours. On each visit, participants will consume one of three Arabic bread formulations or a control, with a one-week washout between visits. Each bread sample will provide an equivalent of 50 g of available carbohydrate:

  1. Control bread (100% wheat flour)
  2. Arabic bread containing 30% chickpea flour, with 70% wheat flour (primary comparison with control)
  3. Arabic bread containing 30% pea flour, with 70% wheat flour(optional secondary comparison with control)
  4. Arabic bread containing 30% lentil flour, with 70% wheat flour (optional secondary comparison with control)

The primary focus of this study is the comparison between the control bread and the chickpea-enriched bread, as chickpea flour represents the main intervention. The pea-enriched bread and lentil-enriched variants are included as optional secondary comparisons to provide additional insights into the broader effect of legume flour substitution on glycaemic response.

Study Visits:

The procedures for each visit are summarised below:

  1. Pre-visit fast: Participants will fast for at least 10 hours before each visit.
  2. Blood glucose sampling: Capillary blood glucose will be measured via finger prick at baseline and at regular intervals over 120 minutes following consumption (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) of the bread sample to assess the postprandial glycaemic response.
  3. Appetite assessment: Participants will complete visual analogue scale questionnaires at baseline and at set intervals throughout each visit to assess subjective appetite responses.
  4. Sensory evaluation: Participants will be asked to rate the sensory acceptability of each bread sample using a 9-point hedonic scale immediately after consumption.
  5. Dietary intake: Participants will complete 24-hour food diaries in each visit.

Gastrointestinal symptoms will also be monitored via a brief self-reported questionnaire at baseline and post-consumption.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

14

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

Studieren Sie die Kontaktsicherung

Studienorte

      • Nottingham, Vereinigtes Königreich
        • School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, United Kingdom
        • Kontakt:
        • Kontakt:
        • Hauptermittler:
          • Wejdan Shamakhay, PhD student
        • Hauptermittler:
          • Simon Welham, Associate Professor

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Erwachsene
  • Älterer Erwachsener

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Participants will be adults living with overweight or obesity (Body Mass Index [BMI] > 25 kg/m²).
  • Participants will be of any gender.
  • Participants will be aged 18 to 65.
  • Participants will be from any sociodemographic background.
  • Participants will be able to provide informed consent.
  • Participants will be able to understand spoken and written English and be able to record their responses to questionnaires.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Those with food allergies or intolerances to any of the study ingredients, including wheat, chickpeas, lentils, or peas, will not be eligible.
  • Individuals with a known diagnosis of metabolic or chronic health conditions, such as diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, or phenylketonuria, will be excluded due to the potential impact on glycaemic control and study outcomes.
  • Participants with a fasting blood glucose level of above 7.0 mmol/L.
  • Use of medications that influence blood glucose levels (e.g., corticosteroids, antipsychotics, antiviral protease inhibitors) or substances that interfere with digestion and absorption (such as laxatives or fibre supplements) will result in exclusion.
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals will not be included due to the physiological changes that may influence study outcomes.
  • Participants with implanted medical devices, including pacemakers, artificial organs, defibrillators, or joint replacements, will be excluded for safety considerations.
  • Anyone who has undergone major surgery or hospitalisation within the last 5 months will be deemed ineligible.
  • Individuals who have participated in another research study involving invasive procedures within the last 3 months will be excluded.

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Grundlegende Wissenschaft
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Crossover-Aufgabe
  • Maskierung: Single

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: Control bread followed by chickpea bread
Participants will consume control Arabic bread followed by chickpea-enriched Arabic bread after the one week's washout period. Participants who complete the primary crossover phase may optionally continue to pea and/or lentil bread interventions.
Arabic bread prepared with 100% wheat flour, providing an equivalent of 50g of available carbohydrate.

Arabic bread prepared with 30% chickpea flour and 70% wheat flour, providing an equivalent of 50g available carbohydrate.

(This is the primary experimental comparison)

Arabic bread prepared with 30% pea flour and 70% wheat flour, providing an equivalent of 50g available carbohydrate.

(Optional secondary comparison)

Arabic bread prepared with 30% lentil flour and 70% wheat flour, providing an equivalent of 50g available carbohydrate.

(Optional secondary comparison)

Experimental: Chickpea bread followed by control bread
Participants will consume chickpea-enriched Arabic bread followed by control Arabic bread after one week the washout period. Participants who complete the primary crossover phase may optionally continue to additional exploratory bread interventions, including pea bread and/or lentil bread.
Arabic bread prepared with 100% wheat flour, providing an equivalent of 50g of available carbohydrate.

Arabic bread prepared with 30% chickpea flour and 70% wheat flour, providing an equivalent of 50g available carbohydrate.

(This is the primary experimental comparison)

Arabic bread prepared with 30% pea flour and 70% wheat flour, providing an equivalent of 50g available carbohydrate.

(Optional secondary comparison)

Arabic bread prepared with 30% lentil flour and 70% wheat flour, providing an equivalent of 50g available carbohydrate.

(Optional secondary comparison)

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Postprandial Blood Glucose Response
Zeitfenster: 120 minutes
Differences in the iAUC for capillary blood glucose will be compared between bread formulations.
120 minutes

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
24 Stunden Nahrungsaufnahme
Zeitfenster: 24 Stunden
Gesamtenergieaufnahme, Makronährstoffaufnahme bis Mitternacht nach Produktverzehr.
24 Stunden
Peak Postprandial Capillary Blood Glucose
Zeitfenster: 120 minutes
Differences in the peak capillary blood glucose value after consuming each bread formulation.
120 minutes
Appetite Response
Zeitfenster: 120 minutes
Appetite sensations including hunger, fullness, and desire to eat assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS) at baseline and at regular intervals throughout each visit.
120 minutes
Sensory Acceptability
Zeitfenster: Immediately after consumption
Overall liking and sensory acceptability of each Arabic bread sample were assessed using the 9-point hedonic scale immediately after consumption.
Immediately after consumption

Andere Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Zeitfenster: At baseline (0 minute) and 120 minutes post-consumption
Participants will complete a brief self-reported gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire pre- and post-consumption to assess symptoms such as bloating, abdominal discomfort, and flatulence.
At baseline (0 minute) and 120 minutes post-consumption

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Geschätzt)

1. Juni 2026

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

31. März 2027

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

31. März 2027

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

10. Juni 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

10. Juni 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

17. Juni 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

17. Juni 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

10. Juni 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Mai 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

Planen Sie, individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD) zu teilen?

NEIN

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

Diese Informationen wurden ohne Änderungen direkt von der Website clinicaltrials.gov abgerufen. Wenn Sie Ihre Studiendaten ändern, entfernen oder aktualisieren möchten, wenden Sie sich bitte an register@clinicaltrials.gov. Sobald eine Änderung auf clinicaltrials.gov implementiert wird, wird diese automatisch auch auf unserer Website aktualisiert .

Klinische Studien zur Control Bread

Abonnieren