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Ecological Momentary Intervention (E-Breathing) to Reduce Psychological Distress in Adolescents

16. Juli 2026 aktualisiert von: TSANG Hector Wing-Hong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Effect of Slow-Paced Breathing Via Ecological Momentary Intervention on Reducing Psychological Distress in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

A two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted to test a mobile-based intervention, E-breathing, for early detection and intervention to address psychological distress in at-risk adolescents in Hong Kong. E-breathing harnesses the science of real-time, in-situ assessment approach - Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) - to capture the psychological symptoms and needs of adolescents. Based on the real-time data collected via smartphone, the mobile application prompts the practice of slow-paced breathing as an Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) to reduce psychological distress. This RCT will recruit a total of 100 participants who will be randomly allocated to either (1) an intervention group (EMI group), where they will receive a feedback prompt when they score high on negative affect (i.e., E-breathing) or (2) the control group (EMA group), where they will only complete EMAs without feedback. This project aims to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of E-breathing in improving psychological symptoms in Hong Kong adolescents. This project also examine the underlying physio-mechanisms of the effects of E-breathing on psychological outcomes in this target population.

Studienübersicht

Status

Noch keine Rekrutierung

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

100

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

Studienorte

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Kind

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Nein

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Aged between 11 to17 years;
  2. With at least one mild mental health state as reported by Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21;
  3. Able to read and understand Chinese;
  4. Have access to a mobile phone and data plan.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. With a diagnosis of hearing, visual, or physical impairments that may hinder study participation;
  2. With a diagnosed history of major mental illnesses or other diagnosed medical conditions that may affect study participation.

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Behandlung
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Keine (Offenes Etikett)

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: EMI group
In addition to completing ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) survey, the EMI group will receive prompts to practice slow-paced breathing during the 2-week trial period. After completing each EMA core survey, the mHealth platform will automatically analyze the EMA data and notify participants who reported high negative affect (mean score ≥ 3) to voluntarily slow down their breathing rate. Specifically, participants will be required to breathe at a rate of 6 respiratory cycles per minute, using nasal breathing, with a 1: 1 ratio of inspiratory: expiratory duration. During each practice, the participants will be instructed to assume a relaxed position, close their eyes, and passively ignore distracting thoughts while engaging in repetitive breathing exercises for 3 min each.
Verhalten: Slow-paced breathing via ecological momentary intervention
The EMA core survey measures seven negative affect (e.g., irritated, sad, ruminating) and six positive affect (e.g., cheerful, relaxed, content). Response options for these items are on a 7-point scale. The application will program to send out these core items 5 times per day. In addition to completing EMAs, the EMI group will receive prompts to practice slow-paced breathing during the 2-week trial period. After completing each EMA core survey, the mHealth platform will automatically analyze the EMA data and notify participants who reported high negative affect (mean score ≥ 3) to voluntarily slow down their breathing rate. Specifically, participants will be required to breathe at a rate of 6 respiratory cycles per minute, using nasal breathing, with a 1: 1 ratio of inspiratory: expiratory duration. During each practice, the participants will be instructed to assume a relaxed position, close their eyes, and passively ignore distracting thoughts while engaging in repetitive breathing
Aktiver Komparator: EMA control group
The control group (EMA group) will follow the EMA data collection procedure as same as EMI intervention group but will not receive any feedback via the app. The EMA group is included in this trial to investigate reactivity and whether completing mobile assessments alone (without slow breathing-prompt feedback) will affect the mental health status of participants.
Verhalten: Ecological momentary assessments
The EMA core survey measures seven negative affect (e.g., irritated, sad, ruminating) and six positive affect (e.g., cheerful, relaxed, content). Response options for these items are on a 7-point scale. The app will program to send out these core items 5 times per day.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Positive and negative affect
Zeitfenster: Five times per day during the 2-week trial period.
Positive affect (PA) subscale will be calculated by averaging the PA items (items: at this moment I feel satisfied, relaxed, cheerful, energetic, enthusiastic, and calm), and a negative affect (NA) subscale will be calculated by averaging the NA items (items: at this moment I feel upset, irritated, listless/apathic, down, nervous, bored, anxious). All ratings will use a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 means not at all and 7 means very much.
Five times per day during the 2-week trial period.

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Depression
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up
This will be assessed by the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The BDI-II is a 21-item self-report inventory designed to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3, based on the severity in the last two weeks. The total score ranges from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms.
Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up
Anxiety
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up
This will be assessed by the Chinese version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The BAI is a 21-item self-report questionnaire that asks about common symptoms of anxiety, such as feeling nervous, scared, and fear of dying, and was designed to distinguish anxiety symptoms from depressive symptoms. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale for symptom severity in the past week, ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (severely). The range of total scores is from 0 to 63, with higher scores suggesting greater degrees of anxiety.
Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up
Stress
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up
This will be assessed by the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale 10-item (PSS-10). The PSS-10 is a self-report instrument that assesses global stress or how life situations are appraised as unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloading. Respondents report the prevalence of an item within the last two weeks on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Scoring is completed by reverse scoring four positively worded items (4, 5, 7, and 8) and summing all item scores. Scale scores range from 0-40, with higher scores indicating higher stress levels.
Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up
Sleep quality
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up
This will be measured by the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The index consists of a 19-item questionnaire evaluating sleep quality and disturbances over the past two weeks. The first four items are open questions, whereas items five to 19 are rated on a four-point Likert scale. Individual item scores yield seven components. A total score is obtained by adding together the seven component scores. A higher score indicates poorer sleep quality.
Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up
Mindfulness
Zeitfenster: Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up
This will be evaluated by the Chinese version of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). This 12-item scale measures the mindfulness experienced by individuals in four dimensions: attention, present focus, awareness, and acceptance (e.g., "It is easy for me to concentrate on what I am doing," "I am easily distracted"). All the items will be rated using a 4-point Likert scale (1 = rarely/not at all to 4 = almost always). After reversing the scores of items 2, 6, and 7, higher total scores reflect greater mindfulness qualities.
Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, 1-month follow-up

Andere Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Heart Rate Variability
Zeitfenster: HRV data will be collected during the two-week intervention period while the mobile application (E-Breathing) is in use.
Heart rate variability (HRV) will be measured by the Polar H10 Sensor worn by some participants throughout the intervention period. Stress-response dysfunction is associated with impaired autonomic nervous system activity, as indexed by decreased HRV in stress, anxiety, and depression.
HRV data will be collected during the two-week intervention period while the mobile application (E-Breathing) is in use.

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Geschätzt)

1. Oktober 2026

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

31. Januar 2027

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

31. Mai 2027

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

13. Juli 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

16. Juli 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

21. Juli 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

21. Juli 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

16. Juli 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Juli 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • P0056181

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

Planen Sie, individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD) zu teilen?

JA

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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