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Effects of Remimazolam on Breathing Patterns, Respiratory Drive, and Inspiratory Effort in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

11 novembre 2026 mis à jour par: Jian-Xin Zhou, Capital Medical University

Sedatives and analgesics are usually given for analgesic, anxiolytic, or sedating purposes for patients with critical illness, while they inevitably inhibit respiratory and circulatory function. Sometimes, patients receive deep sedation to induce hypoventilation or suppress spontaneous respiratory effort. The sedation level in clinical practice is usually assessed with subjective sedation scoring systems, such as the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS). However, studies have found that sedation depth based on RASS is not a reliable marker of respiratory drive during critical illness. In recent years, researchers have proposed to monitor the effects of sedatives and analgesics on respiratory indicators and to implement lung-protective sedation, such as airway occlusion pressure (P0.1), airway occlusion pressure (Pocc). However, different pharmacological characteristics, different depths of sedation, and different sedation regimens among different sedatives and analgesics make a great difference in their effects on respiration. Remimazolam is a new benzodiazepine sedative developed by adding a methyl propionate side chain to the structure of midazolam. As an organic weak base, remimazolam forms a salt with benzenesulfonic acid, which enhances its solubility and stability. The sedative effect of remimazolam primarily occurs through binding to γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, opening chloride channels, promoting chloride ion influx, hyperpolarizing neuronal membranes, and thereby suppressing neuronal excitability. The drug acts rapidly, achieving maximum sedation within three minutes after administration. Research on adverse effects of remimazolam remains limited, particularly regarding its impact on respiratory function. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of remimazolam on breathing patterns, respiratory drive, and inspiratory effort in mechanically ventilated patients.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Complété

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Réel)

20

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Lieux d'étude

      • Beijing, Chine
        • Beijing Tiantan Hospital

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

18 ans et plus (Adulte, Adulte plus âgé)

Accepte les volontaires sains

Non

Sexes éligibles pour l'étude

Tout

La description

Inclusion criteria:

  • Patients admitted to the ICU after surgery under general anesthesia;
  • Patients with an artificial airway and receiving assisted ventilation in pressure support mode;
  • Patients expected to achieve a sedation depth corresponding to a Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) score of -2 to +1;

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with brainstem tumors or neuromuscular disorders;
  • Patients unable to undergo RASS assessment due to various reasons, such as history of psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, mania, delirium, cognitive impairment), status epilepticus, or coma;
  • Patients with known or suspected allergy or contraindication to any component of the study drug or opioids;
  • Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C);
  • Chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m²);
  • Mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 65 mmHg, or requiring norepinephrine infusion > 0.5 μg/kg/min to maintain MAP ≥ 65 mmHg;
  • Age <18 years old;
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women;
  • Body mass index (BMI) <18 kg/m² or >30 kg/m²

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Traitement
  • Répartition: N / A
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation à un seul groupe
  • Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: Remimazolam

The investigators conducted a single-arm, prospective physiological trial to assess the respiratory effects of remimazolam. The study enrolled 20 patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h. The primary outcomes were changes in breathing pattern (respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), and minute ventilation (Vmin)), respiratory drive (airway occlusion pressure (P0.1)), and inspiratory effort (pressure muscle index (PMI) and airway occlusion pressure (ΔPocc)) after 0.15 mg/kg/h infusion of remimazolam.

Remimazolam will be infused at 0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25,0.275, 0.3 mg/kg/h in sequence for 30 minutes at each dose.

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Tidal volume
Délai: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in tidal volume 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Respiratory rate
Délai: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in respiratory rate 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Minute ventilation
Délai: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in minute ventilation 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Airway occlusion pressure (P0.1)
Délai: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in P0.1 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Pressure muscle index (PMI)
Délai: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in PMI 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Airway occlusion pressure (Pocc)
Délai: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in Pocc 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Respiratory rate
Délai: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, respiratory rate was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in respiratory rate during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, respiratory rate was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
Tidal volume
Délai: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, tidal volume was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in tidal volume during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, tidal volume was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
Minute ventilation
Délai: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, minute ventilation was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in minute ventilation during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, minute ventilation was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
P0.1
Délai: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, P0.1 was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in P0.1 during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, P0.1 was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
PMI
Délai: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, PMI was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in PMI during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, PMI was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
Pocc
Délai: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, Pocc was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in Pocc during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, Pocc was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) score
Délai: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, RASS score was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h).

Changing trends in RASS score during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h. The RASS scale ranges from -5 to +4. The lower the score, the deeper the level of sedation.

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, RASS score was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h).

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Les enquêteurs

  • Chercheur principal: Jian-Xin Zhou, Capital Medical University

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

10 mai 2023

Achèvement primaire (Réel)

31 décembre 2024

Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)

31 mars 2025

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

6 novembre 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

11 novembre 2026

Première publication (Réel)

12 novembre 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

12 novembre 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

11 novembre 2026

Dernière vérification

1 novembre 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • KY2023-182-04

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

NON

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

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