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Effects of Remimazolam on Breathing Patterns, Respiratory Drive, and Inspiratory Effort in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

11 de noviembre de 2026 actualizado por: Jian-Xin Zhou, Capital Medical University

Sedatives and analgesics are usually given for analgesic, anxiolytic, or sedating purposes for patients with critical illness, while they inevitably inhibit respiratory and circulatory function. Sometimes, patients receive deep sedation to induce hypoventilation or suppress spontaneous respiratory effort. The sedation level in clinical practice is usually assessed with subjective sedation scoring systems, such as the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS). However, studies have found that sedation depth based on RASS is not a reliable marker of respiratory drive during critical illness. In recent years, researchers have proposed to monitor the effects of sedatives and analgesics on respiratory indicators and to implement lung-protective sedation, such as airway occlusion pressure (P0.1), airway occlusion pressure (Pocc). However, different pharmacological characteristics, different depths of sedation, and different sedation regimens among different sedatives and analgesics make a great difference in their effects on respiration. Remimazolam is a new benzodiazepine sedative developed by adding a methyl propionate side chain to the structure of midazolam. As an organic weak base, remimazolam forms a salt with benzenesulfonic acid, which enhances its solubility and stability. The sedative effect of remimazolam primarily occurs through binding to γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, opening chloride channels, promoting chloride ion influx, hyperpolarizing neuronal membranes, and thereby suppressing neuronal excitability. The drug acts rapidly, achieving maximum sedation within three minutes after administration. Research on adverse effects of remimazolam remains limited, particularly regarding its impact on respiratory function. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of remimazolam on breathing patterns, respiratory drive, and inspiratory effort in mechanically ventilated patients.

Descripción general del estudio

Estado

Terminado

Condiciones

Intervención / Tratamiento

Tipo de estudio

Intervencionista

Inscripción (Actual)

20

Fase

  • No aplica

Contactos y Ubicaciones

Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.

Ubicaciones de estudio

      • Beijing, Porcelana
        • Beijing Tiantan Hospital

Criterios de participación

Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.

Criterio de elegibilidad

Edades elegibles para estudiar

18 años y mayores (Adulto, Adulto Mayor)

Acepta Voluntarios Saludables

No

Géneros elegibles para el estudio

Todos

Descripción

Inclusion criteria:

  • Patients admitted to the ICU after surgery under general anesthesia;
  • Patients with an artificial airway and receiving assisted ventilation in pressure support mode;
  • Patients expected to achieve a sedation depth corresponding to a Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) score of -2 to +1;

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with brainstem tumors or neuromuscular disorders;
  • Patients unable to undergo RASS assessment due to various reasons, such as history of psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, mania, delirium, cognitive impairment), status epilepticus, or coma;
  • Patients with known or suspected allergy or contraindication to any component of the study drug or opioids;
  • Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C);
  • Chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m²);
  • Mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 65 mmHg, or requiring norepinephrine infusion > 0.5 μg/kg/min to maintain MAP ≥ 65 mmHg;
  • Age <18 years old;
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women;
  • Body mass index (BMI) <18 kg/m² or >30 kg/m²

Plan de estudios

Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.

¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?

Detalles de diseño

  • Propósito principal: Tratamiento
  • Asignación: N / A
  • Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación de un solo grupo
  • Enmascaramiento: Ninguno (etiqueta abierta)

Armas e Intervenciones

Grupo de participantes/brazo
Intervención / Tratamiento
Experimental: Remimazolam

The investigators conducted a single-arm, prospective physiological trial to assess the respiratory effects of remimazolam. The study enrolled 20 patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h. The primary outcomes were changes in breathing pattern (respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), and minute ventilation (Vmin)), respiratory drive (airway occlusion pressure (P0.1)), and inspiratory effort (pressure muscle index (PMI) and airway occlusion pressure (ΔPocc)) after 0.15 mg/kg/h infusion of remimazolam.

Remimazolam will be infused at 0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25,0.275, 0.3 mg/kg/h in sequence for 30 minutes at each dose.

¿Qué mide el estudio?

Medidas de resultado primarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Tidal volume
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in tidal volume 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Respiratory rate
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in respiratory rate 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Minute ventilation
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in minute ventilation 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Airway occlusion pressure (P0.1)
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in P0.1 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Pressure muscle index (PMI)
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in PMI 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes
Airway occlusion pressure (Pocc)
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

The change in Pocc 30 minutes after remimazolam was infused at a rate of 0.15mg/kg/h compared to the baseline level without the use of sedative drugs.

At baseline (before sedation with remimazolam) and 0.15 mg/kg/h remimazolam continuous infusion for 30 minutes

Medidas de resultado secundarias

Medida de resultado
Medida Descripción
Periodo de tiempo
Respiratory rate
Periodo de tiempo: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, respiratory rate was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in respiratory rate during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, respiratory rate was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
Tidal volume
Periodo de tiempo: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, tidal volume was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in tidal volume during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, tidal volume was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
Minute ventilation
Periodo de tiempo: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, minute ventilation was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in minute ventilation during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, minute ventilation was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
P0.1
Periodo de tiempo: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, P0.1 was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in P0.1 during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, P0.1 was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
PMI
Periodo de tiempo: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, PMI was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in PMI during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, PMI was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
Pocc
Periodo de tiempo: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, Pocc was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)

Changing trends in Pocc during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, Pocc was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h)
Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) score
Periodo de tiempo: Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, RASS score was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h).

Changing trends in RASS score during remimazolam infusion from 0.15 mg/kg/h to 0.3 mg/kg/h. The RASS scale ranges from -5 to +4. The lower the score, the deeper the level of sedation.

Remimazolam was initiated at 0.15 mg/kg/h and increased it by 0.025 mg/kg/h every 30 minutes, up to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg/h, RASS score was measured after each infusion rate adjustment (0.15,0.175,0.20,0.225,0.25, 0.275, 0.3mg/kg/h).

Colaboradores e Investigadores

Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.

Patrocinador

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Jian-Xin Zhou, Capital Medical University

Fechas de registro del estudio

Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados ​​por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.

Fechas importantes del estudio

Inicio del estudio (Actual)

10 de mayo de 2023

Finalización primaria (Actual)

31 de diciembre de 2024

Finalización del estudio (Actual)

31 de marzo de 2025

Fechas de registro del estudio

Enviado por primera vez

6 de noviembre de 2026

Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

11 de noviembre de 2026

Publicado por primera vez (Actual)

12 de noviembre de 2026

Actualizaciones de registros de estudio

Última actualización publicada (Actual)

12 de noviembre de 2026

Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad

11 de noviembre de 2026

Última verificación

1 de noviembre de 2026

Más información

Términos relacionados con este estudio

Otros números de identificación del estudio

  • KY2023-182-04

Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)

¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?

NO

Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio

Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.

No

Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .