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Listening Volume Adjustment in Bone and Air Conduction Headphones

Behavioral Comparison of Self-Adjusted Listening Volume in Bone Conduction Versus Air Conduction Headphones in Noise

Open-ear bone conduction headphones are increasingly used as an alternative to conventional in-ear air conduction headphones. Because bone conduction headphones do not block the ear canal, it is often assumed that users may be more affected by background noise and may increase their listening volume to hear music clearly. However, direct evidence supporting this assumption is limited.

This study aims to compare self-adjusted listening volumes between bone conduction and air conduction headphones under different background noise conditions. Approximately 32 healthy adults aged 18-35 years with normal hearing will participate in the study. Each participant will test three listening conditions: in-ear air conduction headphones, open-ear bone conduction headphones, and bone conduction headphones combined with ear occlusion. Each condition will be tested in a quiet environment and under four levels of background noise (30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A)).

Participants will listen to the same music and adjust the volume themselves to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. The selected listening volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded and compared across headphone types and noise conditions.

The findings may provide behavioral evidence on whether open-ear bone conduction headphone users choose higher listening volumes in noisy environments compared with users of conventional in-ear air conduction headphones, helping to improve understanding of potential noise exposure and hearing safety.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

32

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

Luoghi di studio

    • Zhejiang
      • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Cina, 310000
        • Reclutamento
        • The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine
        • Contatto:

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

Da 18 anni a 35 anni (Adulto)

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Sessi ammissibili allo studio

Tutto

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age 18-35 years.
  2. Type A, As, or Ad tympanogram in both ears.
  3. Normal hearing in both ears, defined as pure-tone hearing thresholds of ≤20 dB HL at each of the following frequencies: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz.
  4. Willingness to participate and ability to understand and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of prolonged exposure to high-intensity noise.
  2. History of prolonged use of ototoxic medications.
  3. History of otologic diseases resulting in permanent changes in hearing thresholds.
  4. Previous diagnosis of hereditary hearing loss or a definite family history of 5. hearing loss.
  5. History of migraine or other neurological disorders that may affect sound tolerance, auditory perception, or study performance.
  6. History of epilepsy, sound-induced seizures, or unexplained episodes of loss of consciousness or convulsions.
  7. Current bothersome tinnitus or symptoms of hyperacusis.
  8. Any other condition that may make participation in the study inappropriate, including psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, substance or alcohol dependence, inability to comply with study procedures, or other medical or social factors considered relevant by the investigator.

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Scienza basilare
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione incrociata
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: AC-BC

Participants will first use in-ear air conduction headphones (AC), followed by open-ear bone conduction headphones (BC), and then bone conduction headphones combined with ear occlusion (BC+Occlusion). Each listening condition will be tested in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). Participants will independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear.

Participants will wear in-ear air conduction headphones and independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

Participants will wear open-ear bone conduction headphones and independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

Participants will wear open-ear bone conduction headphones while simultaneously inserting in-ear air conduction headphones into both ear canals to create an ear occlusion condition. Music will be delivered exclusively through the bone conduction headphones. Participants will independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

Sperimentale: BC-AC

Participants will first use open-ear bone conduction headphones (BC), followed by in-ear air conduction headphones (AC), and then bone conduction headphones combined with ear occlusion (BC+Occlusion). Each listening condition will be tested in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). Participants will independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear.

Participants will wear in-ear air conduction headphones and independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

Participants will wear open-ear bone conduction headphones and independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

Participants will wear open-ear bone conduction headphones while simultaneously inserting in-ear air conduction headphones into both ear canals to create an ear occlusion condition. Music will be delivered exclusively through the bone conduction headphones. Participants will independently adjust the music volume to a level they consider comfortable and clear for prolonged listening. Testing will be conducted in a quiet environment and under background noise levels of 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A). The final selected volume and adjustment behavior will be recorded.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in Self-Adjusted Listening Volume From Quiet to 60 dB(A) Background Noise Levels
Lasso di tempo: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The change in final self-adjusted music volume from the quiet condition to the 60 dB(A) background noise condition will be calculated separately for each headphone condition (in-ear air conduction headphones [AC] and open-ear bone conduction headphones [BC]). The change will be calculated as the final volume at 60 dB(A) minus the final volume in the quiet condition. The differences in volume change among the two headphone conditions will be compared.

During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in Self-Adjusted Listening Volume From Quiet to 30, 40, and 50 dB(A) Background Noise Levels
Lasso di tempo: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The change in final self-adjusted music volume from the quiet condition to each background noise level (30, 40, and 50 dB(A)) will be calculated separately for in-ear air conduction headphones (AC) and open-ear bone conduction headphones (BC). The change will be calculated as the final volume at each noise level minus the final volume in the quiet condition. The volume changes between the two headphone conditions will be compared at each noise level.

During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Final Self-Adjusted Listening Volume at Different Background Noise Levels
Lasso di tempo: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The final self-adjusted music volume at quiet condition, 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A) background noise levels will be recorded and compared between AC and BC headphones.

During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Number of Volume Adjustments
Lasso di tempo: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The total number of individual volume adjustments made by each participant during each test will be recorded and compared between AC and BC headphones under different background noise conditions.

During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Total Time Required for Volume Adjustment
Lasso di tempo: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The total time from the beginning of volume adjustment to reaching the final self-adjusted listening volume will be recorded and compared between AC and BC headphones under different background noise conditions.

During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Cumulative Magnitude of Volume Adjustments
Lasso di tempo: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The cumulative magnitude of volume adjustments during each test will be calculated as the sum of the absolute values of all individual volume changes, regardless of the direction of adjustment, and compared between AC and BC headphones under different background noise conditions.

During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Subjective Perception of Vibration During Bone Conduction Headphone Use
Lasso di tempo: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

Participants will be asked whether they perceive vibration while using bone conduction headphones at their final selected listening volume. The presence or absence of perceived vibration will be recorded under different background noise conditions.

During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

Altre misure di risultato

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in Self-Adjusted Listening Volume With Ear Occlusion During Bone Conduction Listening
Lasso di tempo: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The change in final self-adjusted music volume from the quiet condition to each background noise condition (30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A)) will be calculated when participants use bone conduction headphones with bilateral ear occlusion (BC+Occlusion). The results will be compared with those obtained using bone conduction headphones without ear occlusion (BC) to evaluate the effect of ear occlusion on noise-induced volume adjustment.

During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).
Final Self-Adjusted Listening Volume With Ear Occlusion During Bone Conduction Listening
Lasso di tempo: Time Frame: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

The final self-adjusted music volume under quiet and background noise conditions (30, 40, 50, and 60 dB(A)) will be recorded during bone conduction headphone use with bilateral ear occlusion (BC+Occlusion) and compared with the corresponding BC condition without ear occlusion.

Time Frame: During the study visit (approximately 1-2 hours).

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

1 novembre 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

30 giugno 2027

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

30 giugno 2027

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

4 novembre 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

9 novembre 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

12 novembre 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

12 novembre 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

9 novembre 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 novembre 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • SAHZU-ACBC-001

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .