Insulin Glulisine in Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (GINGER)

Inclusion criteria :

Subjects meeting all of the following criteria will be considered for enrollment into the study:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as defined by the American Diabetes Association for at least five years, treated with insulin for at least 6 months (no history of ketoacidosis).
• HbA1c between 7.5% and 11.0%, inclusive at both pre-screening and pre-randomization (week -2).
• For at least 3 months prior to week -8 visit, subjects must have been on a stable insulin regimen with two daily s.c. injections of premixed insulin: NPH plus regular insulin or NPH plus rapid acting insulin (insulin lispro or insulin aspart) in a mixture of 70/30 or 75/25. "Stable" means no change in regimen and no more than 30 % change in dose. Optionally, the subject can have been treated in addition with metformin according to its current official product information leaflet, treatment with other oral blood glucose lowering drugs is not allowed.
• Documentation of a full ophthalmologic exam (incl. fundoscopy)during the 6 months prior to randomization.
• Women are either not of childbearing potential (surgically sterile, or postmenopausal for more than 2 years). Women of childbearing potential must not be pregnant and agree to use a reliable contraceptive measure for the duration of the study. Reliable contraceptive measures include the following: systemic contraceptive (oral, implant, injections), diaphragm with intravaginal spermicide, cervical cap, intrauterine device or condom with spermicide.
• Willing and able to perform specified home blood glucose monitoring and to otherwise comply with study protocol requirements.
• Willing to change from a twice daily insulin regimen to a regimen requiring four daily insulin injections.
• Provision of signed and dated informed consent prior to any study procedures."Prescreening" informed consent, obtained in writing for all subjects, may be used during screening, but full study-specific informed consent must be obtained in writing for all subjects after any post-screening procedures.

Exclusion criteria :

Subjects presenting with any of the following will not be included in the study:

• Two or more severe hypoglycemic episodes within the past 3 months, or any hospitalization or emergency room visit due to poor diabetic control within the past 3 months prior to randomization.
• History of hypoglycemia unawareness.
• Impaired hepatic function, as shown by, but not limited to, ALAT (SGPT) or ASAT (SGOT) above 2x the upper limit of normal as measured at visit 1.
• Impaired renal function, as shown by, but not limited to, serum creatinine > 177 mmol/l (> 2 mg/dl) as measured at visit 1 (if no lower values due to individual metformin intake are required) or current renal dialysis.
• Body mass index (BMI) > 38 kg/m2.
• Any other clinically significant abnormalities on screening laboratory evaluation (unless discussed with the monitor and approved by the study management).
• Active proliferative diabetic retinopathy, as defined by the application of focal or panretinal photocoagulation or vitrectomy, in the 6 months prior to visit 1, or any other unstable (rapidly progressing) retinopathy that may require surgical treatment (including laser photocoagulation) during the study.
• History of hypersensitivity to insulin or insulin analogues or any of the excipients in the HMR 1964 formulation.
• Donation of blood or transfusion during the 2 months prior to the screening visit.
• Pregnant or lactating women, or women planning to become pregnant during the study.
• Treatment with any investigational drug in the last month before visit 1 (screening).
• Mental condition rendering the patient unable to understand the nature, scope, and possible consequences of the study.
• Any clinically significant major organ system disease such as relevant cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, neurologic, endocrine, hematologic or other major systemic diseases making implementation of the protocol or interpretation of the study results difficult.
• Treatment or likelihood of requiring treatment during the study period with drugs not permitted by the clinical study protocol.
• History of drug or alcohol abuse within the last 2 years or current addiction to substances of abuse.
• Night shift workers.
• Subject unlikely to comply with protocol, e.g., uncooperative attitude, inability to return for follow-up visits, and unlikelihood of completing the study.
• Subject is the investigator or any subinvestigator, research assistant, pharmacist, study coordinator, other staff or relative thereof directly involved in the conduct of the protocol.

The above information is not intended to contain all considerations relevant to a patient's potential participation in a clinical trial.