AI and Computer Vision-Assisted Telerehabilitation in Fibromyalgia: The FibroIA 2.0 Trial (fibroIA 2)

Sperimentale: Arm 1: AI Mobility

Mobility and stretching exercise program delivered through the Rehbody platform (AI/CV-assisted) in addition to usual care. The program includes seven specific exercises.

Altro: AI mobility

Frequency: Twice weekly. Intensity: Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale 4-6/10. Number of exercises: 7.

Sets and repetitions:

2 sets of 10-15 repetitions for mobility exercises. 4 repetitions for stretching exercises.

Rest interval: 20-60 seconds between sets. Total intervention duration: 12 weeks.

Mobility exercises (10-15 minutes):

Overhead Shoulder Raise (Bodyweight) Right Knee Raise with Arm Movement (Standing) Left Knee Raise with Arm Movement (Standing) Full Left Ankle Dorsiflexion-Plantarflexion (Standing) Full Right Ankle Dorsiflexion-Plantarflexion (Standing)

Stretching exercises (5 minutes):

Seated Cervical Flexion Stretch Kneeling Prayer Stretch

Altri nomi:

• AI Exercise

Sperimentale: Arm 2: AI Combined (mobility and resistance training)

Cumulative intervention consisting of the mobility and stretching program described in Arm 1 plus AI/CV-assisted resistance training delivered through Rehbody, in addition to usual care. Total: 11 exercises.

Altro: AI Combined (mobility and resistance training)

Frequency: Twice weekly. Intensity: Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale 4-6/10. Number of exercises: 11.

Sets and repetitions:

2 sets of 10-15 repetitions for mobility exercises. 10-12 repetitions for resistance training exercises. 4 repetitions for stretching exercises.

Rest interval: 20-60 seconds between sets. Total intervention duration: 12 weeks.

Mobility exercises (10-15 minutes):

Overhead Shoulder Raise (Bodyweight) Right Knee Raise with Arm Movement (Standing) Left Knee Raise with Arm Movement (Standing) Full Left Ankle Dorsiflexion-Plantarflexion (Standing) Full Right Ankle Dorsiflexion-Plantarflexion (Standing)

Resistance training exercises (15-20 minutes):

6. Weighted Deadlift 7. Chair Squat 8. Weighted Lateral Shoulder Raise 9. Bilateral Dumbbell Bent-Over Row

Stretching exercises (5 minutes):

10. Seated Cervical Flexion Stretch 11. Kneeling Prayer Stretch

Altri nomi:

• AI exercise
• Artificial Intelligence- and Computer Vision-Assisted Telerehabilitation

Nessun intervento: Usual Care

Continuation of usual care, including medical management, pharmacological treatment, and conventional physiotherapy when applicable.

Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised (FIQ-R)

The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised (FIQ-R) is a 21-item self-reported instrument that assesses physical function, overall impact, and symptom severity in individuals with fibromyalgia. The Chilean validated version demonstrates excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91), good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.90), and adequate convergent validity through significant correlations with pain intensity, pain interference, symptom severity, and health-related quality of life (Escobar, 2018). Total scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater disease impact. The questionnaire requires approximately 1.3 minutes to complete (Carrasco-Vega et al., 2023). A 14% change in the total FIQ-R score was considered the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) (Bennett, Friend, et al., 2009). Assessments will be conducted at baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 13), and follow-up (Week 25).

30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (30s-STS) Performance

The 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (30s-STS) assesses lower-limb strength through a physical performance measure. It has demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.85-0.91), adequate known-groups validity for distinguishing individuals with and without fibromyalgia, and a minimal detectable change of ≥3 repetitions (Socorro-Cumplido et al., 2024). The test is associated with handgrip strength, muscle mass, balance, functional capacity, overall physical performance, and mobility- and quality of life-related outcomes (Kakavas et al., 2020; Khuna et al., 2024). Participants are instructed to perform as many sit-to-stand repetitions as possible within 30 seconds without using their arms, while the assessor records the total number of repetitions. The 30s-STS has been validated for remote administration in telehealth settings and for use in the Chilean population. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 13), and follow-up (Week 25).

Pain Catastrophizing

It will be assessed using The 4-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-4) is a shortened version of the original 13-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale designed to assess catastrophic thinking related to pain in individuals with musculoskeletal conditions. The Spanish version has been validated in the Chilean population and demonstrates a unidimensional structure, high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.84; McDonald's ω = 0.84), and evidence of validity through associations with pain intensity, pain interference, and kinesiophobia (Bascour-Sandoval et al., 2022). The questionnaire is self-administered and consists of four items rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("all the time"). Total scores range from 0 to 16, with higher scores indicating greater levels of pain catastrophizing. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 13), and follow-up (Week 25).

Exercise adherence

Exercise adherence refers to the extent to which participants comply with prescribed therapeutic exercise recommendations and sessions. It will be assessed using Section B of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS), a six-item self-report instrument that evaluates adherence behaviors related to home-based exercise programs. Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the prescribed exercise program. The Spanish version has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties, including high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.95) (Pérez-Huerta et al., 2025). Although the instrument has not been specifically validated in the Chilean population, it will be used as a complementary measure to support the interpretation of clinical outcomes. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 13), and follow-up (Week 25).

Sociodemographic and Baseline Clinical Characteristics

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics will be collected to describe the study population and assess baseline comparability across trial arms. Sociodemographic variables will include age, gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, Previous exercise experience and access to technology. Clinical variables will include time since fibromyalgia diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and comorbidities.

These variables will be analyzed descriptively. Continuous variables will be summarized using measures of central tendency and dispersion, whereas categorical variables will be reported as frequencies and proportions.