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The Addition of Core Muscle Training on Tennis Serve Speed in Tennis Players

2026年7月24日 更新者:Ahmed ElMelhat、Cairo University

The Effect of Adding Core Muscle Training With Shoulder Strengthening in Tennis Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Compared with shoulder-only training and with continued tennis training alone, will the addition of core strengthening to shoulder training produce significantly greater improvements in flat serve ball speed in healthy tennis players?

Secondary Hypothesis:

  • Combined core + shoulder training will produce greater improvement in serve accuracy than shoulder-only training or tennis training alone.
  • Combined core + shoulder training will produce greater improvement in TGAR than shoulder-only training or tennis training alone.
  • Combined core + shoulder training will produce greater improvement in core strength/endurance and shoulder rotational strength than the comparator groups.

調査の概要

状態

募集

条件

介入・治療

詳細な説明

The kinetic chain model suggests that core musculature plays a crucial role in transferring energy from the lower body to the upper extremity during the tennis serve. However, evidence on the relationship between core strength and tennis serve (TS) ball speed and passive total glenohumeral arc of rotation (TGAR) remains inconsistent, warranting further investigation.

It is hypothesized that the addition of core muscle exercises to the training program would yield greater improvements in terms of tennis serve ball speed and TGAR when compared to a control group performing only shoulder exercises in tennis players.

Tennis players with at least 1-3 years of weekly tennis training will be included and allocated randomly into the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). CG participants will perform shoulder exercises and sham core exercises. EG participants will receive the same training as CG in addition to performing core exercises. Both groups will participate in a 12-week intervention (2 sessions per week, 50 minutes per session). Pre- and postintervention assessments will include TS ball speed analysis and TGAR, respectively.

研究の種類

介入

入学 (推定)

120

段階

  • 適用できない

連絡先と場所

このセクションには、調査を実施する担当者の連絡先の詳細と、この調査が実施されている場所に関する情報が記載されています。

研究連絡先

  • 名前:Ahmad El Melhat, PhD
  • 電話番号:+20 111 259 5022
  • メール:a.melhat@bau.edu.lb

研究場所

    • Beirut
      • Beirut、Beirut、レバノン、1100
        • 募集
        • Beirut Arab University
        • コンタクト:
    • Giza
      • Beirut、Giza、レバノン、2356
        • 募集
        • BAU activities
        • コンタクト:
        • コンタクト:
          • Ahmed ELMelhat, PhD

参加基準

研究者は、適格基準と呼ばれる特定の説明に適合する人を探します。これらの基準のいくつかの例は、人の一般的な健康状態または以前の治療です。

適格基準

就学可能な年齢

  • 大人

健康ボランティアの受け入れ

はい

説明

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy adults aged 18-35 years
  • Recreational to competitive non-professional tennis players (currently playing ≥2 sessions/week for ≥1 year; NTRP 3.0-5.0 or equivalent ITN; no professional ranking or tour-level competition history)
  • Right- or left-hand dominant (serve arm recorded)
  • Able to perform a full flat serve without pain
  • Willing to maintain current tennis training routine and refrain from starting other new strength/conditioning programs during the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current or history of shoulder pain/injury in the past 6 months (e.g., rotator cuff pathology, labral injury, impingement)
  • Low back pain or lumbar spine pathology in the past 6 months
  • Prior shoulder or spine surgery
  • Systemic conditions affecting neuromuscular function (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, neurological disorders)
  • Pregnancy
  • Current participation in a structured core or shoulder strengthening program

研究計画

このセクションでは、研究がどのように設計され、研究が何を測定しているかなど、研究計画の詳細を提供します。

研究はどのように設計されていますか?

デザインの詳細

  • 主な目的:他の
  • 割り当て:ランダム化
  • 介入モデル:並列代入
  • マスキング:独身

武器と介入

参加者グループ / アーム
介入・治療
アクティブコンパレータ:Shoulder+ sham core
Shoulder strengthening + sham/placebo core exercises (non-loading trunk mobility).

Delivered 2×/week for 10 weeks under supervision of a licensed physical therapist or certified strength and conditioning specialist. Progressive resistance program including:

  • External/internal rotation strengthening (resistance band, cable, or dumbbell) at 0° and 90° abduction
  • Scapular stabilization exercises (rows, Y-T-W raises, serratus punch)
  • Posterior shoulder stretching (sleeper stretch, cross-body stretch) for the TGAR component
  • Progressive overload every 2 weeks based on tolerated resistance/repetitions

Sham :Low-intensity, non-progressive trunk mobility exercises with minimal loading (e.g., seated trunk rotations without resistance, cat-camel stretches), matched for session time and attention to control for non-specific training effects, without targeting core strength/endurance adaptation.

実験的:shoulder strengthening exercises+ core strengthening
Participants in EG performed the same shoulder strengthening exercises as in CG, coupled with a physical therapy core strengthening program.

Delivered 2×/week for 10 weeks, same sessions as the shoulder program (combined ~50-60 minute sessions), progressive core program including:

  • Anti-rotation exercises (Pallof press)
  • Rotational power exercises (medicine ball rotational throws, cable woodchoppers)
  • Anterior/lateral/posterior chain stability (plank variations, side plank, bird-dog)
  • Progressive overload via increased resistance, hold time, or instability surface every 2 weeks

この研究は何を測定していますか?

主要な結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Flat serve ball speed
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
Flat serve ball speed (km/h or mph), measured via radar gun (e.g., Stalker Pro II) or equivalent validated device, averaged across the best 5 of 10 flat serves hit into the deuce-side service box, measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).

二次結果の測定

結果測定
メジャーの説明
時間枠
Serve accuracy
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
  • Target-based scoring system: standardized service box divided into scoring zones (e.g., 5 concentric/quadrant zones worth 1-5 points); participant hits 10 flat serves aimed at a designated target zone (e.g., wide serve to deuce court corner); accuracy score = mean points across 10 serves.
  • Recorded simultaneously with ball speed trials (speed-accuracy trade-off examined as an exploratory outcome).
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
Total glenohumeral arc of rotation (TGAR)
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
● Passive internal rotation (IR) + external rotation (ER) range of motion measured via goniometry (or inclinometer) with scapula stabilized, participant supine, shoulder abducted to 90°, elbow flexed to 90°. TGAR = IR + ER (degrees). Measured bilaterally.
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
Shoulder rotational strength
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
● Peak IR and ER isometric or isokinetic torque (Nm), measured via hand-held dynamometer (standardized stabilization protocol) or isokinetic dynamometer (60°/sec and 180°/sec) if available, at 0° abduction. ER/IR strength ratio calculated. Measured bilaterally.
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
Core strength/endurance
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
● McGill core endurance battery: trunk flexor endurance test (seconds), bilateral side-bridge/plank endurance test (seconds).
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).

協力者と研究者

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研究記録日

これらの日付は、ClinicalTrials.gov への研究記録と要約結果の提出の進捗状況を追跡します。研究記録と報告された結果は、国立医学図書館 (NLM) によって審査され、公開 Web サイトに掲載される前に、特定の品質管理基準を満たしていることが確認されます。

主要日程の研究

研究開始 (実際)

2026年6月15日

一次修了 (推定)

2026年9月15日

研究の完了 (推定)

2026年9月20日

試験登録日

最初に提出

2026年7月21日

QC基準を満たした最初の提出物

2026年7月24日

最初の投稿 (実際)

2026年7月29日

学習記録の更新

投稿された最後の更新 (実際)

2026年7月29日

QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました

2026年7月24日

最終確認日

2026年7月1日

詳しくは

本研究に関する用語

その他の研究ID番号

  • Core Vs shoulder in tennis

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いいえ

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