The Addition of Core Muscle Training on Tennis Serve Speed in Tennis Players
The Effect of Adding Core Muscle Training With Shoulder Strengthening in Tennis Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Compared with shoulder-only training and with continued tennis training alone, will the addition of core strengthening to shoulder training produce significantly greater improvements in flat serve ball speed in healthy tennis players?
Secondary Hypothesis:
- Combined core + shoulder training will produce greater improvement in serve accuracy than shoulder-only training or tennis training alone.
- Combined core + shoulder training will produce greater improvement in TGAR than shoulder-only training or tennis training alone.
- Combined core + shoulder training will produce greater improvement in core strength/endurance and shoulder rotational strength than the comparator groups.
調査の概要
状態
状態
条件
条件
介入・治療
介入・治療
詳細な説明
The kinetic chain model suggests that core musculature plays a crucial role in transferring energy from the lower body to the upper extremity during the tennis serve. However, evidence on the relationship between core strength and tennis serve (TS) ball speed and passive total glenohumeral arc of rotation (TGAR) remains inconsistent, warranting further investigation.
It is hypothesized that the addition of core muscle exercises to the training program would yield greater improvements in terms of tennis serve ball speed and TGAR when compared to a control group performing only shoulder exercises in tennis players.
Tennis players with at least 1-3 years of weekly tennis training will be included and allocated randomly into the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). CG participants will perform shoulder exercises and sham core exercises. EG participants will receive the same training as CG in addition to performing core exercises. Both groups will participate in a 12-week intervention (2 sessions per week, 50 minutes per session). Pre- and postintervention assessments will include TS ball speed analysis and TGAR, respectively.
研究の種類
研究の種類
入学 (推定)
入学
段階
段階
- 適用できない
連絡先と場所
研究連絡先
研究連絡先
- 名前:Ahmad El Melhat, PhD
- 電話番号:+20 111 259 5022
- メール:a.melhat@bau.edu.lb
研究場所
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-
Beirut
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Beirut、Beirut、レバノン、1100
- 募集
- Beirut Arab University
-
コンタクト:
- Ahmad El Melhat, PhD
- 電話番号:+20 111 259 5022
- メール:a.melhat@bau.edu.lb
-
-
Giza
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Beirut、Giza、レバノン、2356
- 募集
- BAU activities
-
コンタクト:
- Ahmed El Melhat
- 電話番号:01112595022
- メール:s.mohamad@bau.edu.lb
-
コンタクト:
- Ahmed ELMelhat, PhD
-
-
参加基準
適格基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Healthy adults aged 18-35 years
- Recreational to competitive non-professional tennis players (currently playing ≥2 sessions/week for ≥1 year; NTRP 3.0-5.0 or equivalent ITN; no professional ranking or tour-level competition history)
- Right- or left-hand dominant (serve arm recorded)
- Able to perform a full flat serve without pain
- Willing to maintain current tennis training routine and refrain from starting other new strength/conditioning programs during the study
Exclusion Criteria:
- Current or history of shoulder pain/injury in the past 6 months (e.g., rotator cuff pathology, labral injury, impingement)
- Low back pain or lumbar spine pathology in the past 6 months
- Prior shoulder or spine surgery
- Systemic conditions affecting neuromuscular function (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, neurological disorders)
- Pregnancy
- Current participation in a structured core or shoulder strengthening program
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか?
デザインの詳細
- 主な目的:他の
- 割り当て:ランダム化
- 介入モデル:並列代入
- マスキング:独身
アーム数
武器と介入
参加者グループ / アーム参加者グループ / アーム |
介入・治療介入・治療 |
|---|---|
|
アクティブコンパレータ:Shoulder+ sham core
Shoulder strengthening + sham/placebo core exercises (non-loading trunk mobility).
|
Delivered 2×/week for 10 weeks under supervision of a licensed physical therapist or certified strength and conditioning specialist. Progressive resistance program including:
Sham :Low-intensity, non-progressive trunk mobility exercises with minimal loading (e.g., seated trunk rotations without resistance, cat-camel stretches), matched for session time and attention to control for non-specific training effects, without targeting core strength/endurance adaptation. |
|
実験的:shoulder strengthening exercises+ core strengthening
Participants in EG performed the same shoulder strengthening exercises as in CG, coupled with a physical therapy core strengthening program.
|
Delivered 2×/week for 10 weeks, same sessions as the shoulder program (combined ~50-60 minute sessions), progressive core program including:
|
この研究は何を測定していますか?
主要な結果の測定
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Flat serve ball speed
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
Flat serve ball speed (km/h or mph), measured via radar gun (e.g., Stalker Pro II) or equivalent validated device, averaged across the best 5 of 10 flat serves hit into the deuce-side service box, measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
二次結果の測定
二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Serve accuracy
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
|
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
|
Total glenohumeral arc of rotation (TGAR)
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
● Passive internal rotation (IR) + external rotation (ER) range of motion measured via goniometry (or inclinometer) with scapula stabilized, participant supine, shoulder abducted to 90°, elbow flexed to 90°.
TGAR = IR + ER (degrees).
Measured bilaterally.
|
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
|
Shoulder rotational strength
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
● Peak IR and ER isometric or isokinetic torque (Nm), measured via hand-held dynamometer (standardized stabilization protocol) or isokinetic dynamometer (60°/sec and 180°/sec) if available, at 0° abduction.
ER/IR strength ratio calculated.
Measured bilaterally.
|
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
|
Core strength/endurance
時間枠:measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
● McGill core endurance battery: trunk flexor endurance test (seconds), bilateral side-bridge/plank endurance test (seconds).
|
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
|
協力者と研究者
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (実際)
研究開始
一次修了 (推定)
一次修了
研究の完了 (推定)
研究の完了
試験登録日
最初に提出
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
最初の投稿
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
投稿された最後の更新
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
その他の研究ID番号
その他の研究ID番号
- Core Vs shoulder in tennis
個々の参加者データ (IPD) の計画
個々の参加者データ (IPD) を共有する予定はありますか?
医薬品およびデバイス情報、研究文書
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