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The Addition of Core Muscle Training on Tennis Serve Speed in Tennis Players

2026년 7월 24일 업데이트: Ahmed ElMelhat, Cairo University

The Effect of Adding Core Muscle Training With Shoulder Strengthening in Tennis Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Compared with shoulder-only training and with continued tennis training alone, will the addition of core strengthening to shoulder training produce significantly greater improvements in flat serve ball speed in healthy tennis players?

Secondary Hypothesis:

  • Combined core + shoulder training will produce greater improvement in serve accuracy than shoulder-only training or tennis training alone.
  • Combined core + shoulder training will produce greater improvement in TGAR than shoulder-only training or tennis training alone.
  • Combined core + shoulder training will produce greater improvement in core strength/endurance and shoulder rotational strength than the comparator groups.

연구 개요

상태

모병

정황

개입 / 치료

상세 설명

The kinetic chain model suggests that core musculature plays a crucial role in transferring energy from the lower body to the upper extremity during the tennis serve. However, evidence on the relationship between core strength and tennis serve (TS) ball speed and passive total glenohumeral arc of rotation (TGAR) remains inconsistent, warranting further investigation.

It is hypothesized that the addition of core muscle exercises to the training program would yield greater improvements in terms of tennis serve ball speed and TGAR when compared to a control group performing only shoulder exercises in tennis players.

Tennis players with at least 1-3 years of weekly tennis training will be included and allocated randomly into the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). CG participants will perform shoulder exercises and sham core exercises. EG participants will receive the same training as CG in addition to performing core exercises. Both groups will participate in a 12-week intervention (2 sessions per week, 50 minutes per session). Pre- and postintervention assessments will include TS ball speed analysis and TGAR, respectively.

연구 유형

중재적

등록 (추정된)

120

단계

  • 해당 없음

연락처 및 위치

이 섹션에서는 연구를 수행하는 사람들의 연락처 정보와 이 연구가 수행되는 장소에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

연구 연락처

연구 장소

    • Beirut
      • Beirut, Beirut, 레바논, 1100
        • 모병
        • Beirut Arab University
        • 연락하다:
    • Giza
      • Beirut, Giza, 레바논, 2356
        • 모병
        • BAU activities
        • 연락하다:
        • 연락하다:
          • Ahmed ELMelhat, PhD

참여기준

연구원은 적격성 기준이라는 특정 설명에 맞는 사람을 찾습니다. 이러한 기준의 몇 가지 예는 개인의 일반적인 건강 상태 또는 이전 치료입니다.

자격 기준

공부할 수 있는 나이

  • 성인

건강한 자원 봉사자를 받아들입니다

예

설명

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy adults aged 18-35 years
  • Recreational to competitive non-professional tennis players (currently playing ≥2 sessions/week for ≥1 year; NTRP 3.0-5.0 or equivalent ITN; no professional ranking or tour-level competition history)
  • Right- or left-hand dominant (serve arm recorded)
  • Able to perform a full flat serve without pain
  • Willing to maintain current tennis training routine and refrain from starting other new strength/conditioning programs during the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current or history of shoulder pain/injury in the past 6 months (e.g., rotator cuff pathology, labral injury, impingement)
  • Low back pain or lumbar spine pathology in the past 6 months
  • Prior shoulder or spine surgery
  • Systemic conditions affecting neuromuscular function (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, neurological disorders)
  • Pregnancy
  • Current participation in a structured core or shoulder strengthening program

공부 계획

이 섹션에서는 연구 설계 방법과 연구가 측정하는 내용을 포함하여 연구 계획에 대한 세부 정보를 제공합니다.

연구는 어떻게 설계됩니까?

디자인 세부사항

  • 주 목적: 다른
  • 할당: 무작위
  • 중재 모델: 병렬 할당
  • 마스킹: 하나의

무기와 개입

참가자 그룹 / 팔
개입 / 치료
활성 비교기: Shoulder+ sham core
Shoulder strengthening + sham/placebo core exercises (non-loading trunk mobility).

Delivered 2×/week for 10 weeks under supervision of a licensed physical therapist or certified strength and conditioning specialist. Progressive resistance program including:

  • External/internal rotation strengthening (resistance band, cable, or dumbbell) at 0° and 90° abduction
  • Scapular stabilization exercises (rows, Y-T-W raises, serratus punch)
  • Posterior shoulder stretching (sleeper stretch, cross-body stretch) for the TGAR component
  • Progressive overload every 2 weeks based on tolerated resistance/repetitions

Sham :Low-intensity, non-progressive trunk mobility exercises with minimal loading (e.g., seated trunk rotations without resistance, cat-camel stretches), matched for session time and attention to control for non-specific training effects, without targeting core strength/endurance adaptation.

실험적: shoulder strengthening exercises+ core strengthening
Participants in EG performed the same shoulder strengthening exercises as in CG, coupled with a physical therapy core strengthening program.

Delivered 2×/week for 10 weeks, same sessions as the shoulder program (combined ~50-60 minute sessions), progressive core program including:

  • Anti-rotation exercises (Pallof press)
  • Rotational power exercises (medicine ball rotational throws, cable woodchoppers)
  • Anterior/lateral/posterior chain stability (plank variations, side plank, bird-dog)
  • Progressive overload via increased resistance, hold time, or instability surface every 2 weeks

연구는 무엇을 측정합니까?

주요 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Flat serve ball speed
기간: measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
Flat serve ball speed (km/h or mph), measured via radar gun (e.g., Stalker Pro II) or equivalent validated device, averaged across the best 5 of 10 flat serves hit into the deuce-side service box, measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).

2차 결과 측정

결과 측정
측정값 설명
기간
Serve accuracy
기간: measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
  • Target-based scoring system: standardized service box divided into scoring zones (e.g., 5 concentric/quadrant zones worth 1-5 points); participant hits 10 flat serves aimed at a designated target zone (e.g., wide serve to deuce court corner); accuracy score = mean points across 10 serves.
  • Recorded simultaneously with ball speed trials (speed-accuracy trade-off examined as an exploratory outcome).
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
Total glenohumeral arc of rotation (TGAR)
기간: measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
● Passive internal rotation (IR) + external rotation (ER) range of motion measured via goniometry (or inclinometer) with scapula stabilized, participant supine, shoulder abducted to 90°, elbow flexed to 90°. TGAR = IR + ER (degrees). Measured bilaterally.
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
Shoulder rotational strength
기간: measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
● Peak IR and ER isometric or isokinetic torque (Nm), measured via hand-held dynamometer (standardized stabilization protocol) or isokinetic dynamometer (60°/sec and 180°/sec) if available, at 0° abduction. ER/IR strength ratio calculated. Measured bilaterally.
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
Core strength/endurance
기간: measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).
● McGill core endurance battery: trunk flexor endurance test (seconds), bilateral side-bridge/plank endurance test (seconds).
measured at baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 12).

공동 작업자 및 조사자

여기에서 이 연구와 관련된 사람과 조직을 찾을 수 있습니다.

스폰서

연구 기록 날짜

이 날짜는 ClinicalTrials.gov에 대한 연구 기록 및 요약 결과 제출의 진행 상황을 추적합니다. 연구 기록 및 보고된 결과는 공개 웹사이트에 게시되기 전에 특정 품질 관리 기준을 충족하는지 확인하기 위해 국립 의학 도서관(NLM)에서 검토합니다.

연구 주요 날짜

연구 시작 (실제)

2026년 6월 15일

기본 완료 (추정된)

2026년 9월 15일

연구 완료 (추정된)

2026년 9월 20일

연구 등록 날짜

최초 제출

2026년 7월 21일

QC 기준을 충족하는 최초 제출

2026년 7월 24일

처음 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 7월 29일

연구 기록 업데이트

마지막 업데이트 게시됨 (실제)

2026년 7월 29일

QC 기준을 충족하는 마지막 업데이트 제출

2026년 7월 24일

마지막으로 확인됨

2026년 7월 1일

추가 정보

이 연구와 관련된 용어

기타 연구 ID 번호

  • Core Vs shoulder in tennis

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD) 계획

개별 참가자 데이터(IPD)를 공유할 계획입니까?

아니요

약물 및 장치 정보, 연구 문서

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아니

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아니

이 정보는 변경 없이 clinicaltrials.gov 웹사이트에서 직접 가져온 것입니다. 귀하의 연구 세부 정보를 변경, 제거 또는 업데이트하도록 요청하는 경우 register@clinicaltrials.gov. 문의하십시오. 변경 사항이 clinicaltrials.gov에 구현되는 즉시 저희 웹사이트에도 자동으로 업데이트됩니다. .