非特異的首痛患者における偏心筋トレーニングと固有受容神経筋促進法の比較

実験的：固有受容性

固有受容神経筋促進技術の応用

他の：固有受容神経筋促進技術グループ

固有受容神経筋促進技術グループ。参加者と対照群に適用される演習に加えて、等張性収縮と動的安定化の組み合わせが促進技術として使用され、ホールド-リラックス技術が抑制技術として使用されます。

実験的：風変わりな

エキセントリック筋トレーニングテクニックの応用

他の：エキセントリック筋トレ技術応用グループ

エキセントリック筋トレーニングテクニック: 参加者は、対照グループに与えられたエクササイズに加えて、エキセントリック筋トレーニングを受けます。 施術前に首周りの準備運動を5分間行います。 エキセントリック筋トレーニングは、参加者の頸部の筋肉に適用されます。 エキセントリック運動を行うと、頚部の筋肉が屈曲・伸展、側屈という各面の運動方向に強化されます。 最初に患者様に動きの説明と実演を行います。

アクティブコンパレータ：Control

Participants performed a cervical stretching and stabilisation exercise programme only, without any additional technique.

他の：Control

Cervical stretching and stabilisation exercise programme. Stretching was applied in flexion, extension, rotation and lateral flexion (30-second hold, 10 repetitions). Stabilisation exercises were performed with the participant applying self-resistance from a seated position (10-second contraction, 15-second rest). Both components were performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 1-minute rest between sets, in 45-minute sessions, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. This programme was also delivered as the base programme to both experimental groups.

Cervical Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Test

Patients were asked to lie in a supine position with knees flexed at 90° and hands on the abdomen in a hook position. A 0.5 kilogram (kg) weight was placed on the forehead with the help of a band passed over the ears. The patients were asked to first perform cervical retraction and then 10° cervical flexion, and the degree of flexion was determined with the help of a goniometer. The patients were asked to maintain this position and the time was determined with a stopwatch and recorded in seconds. Patients must be able to maintain this position for 60 seconds (sec) in order to have sufficient muscle endurance. Those below this period have insufficient muscle endurance. Cervical flexion for 60 seconds. Patients holding it above were considered to have sufficient endurance and were not included in the study.

World Health Organization Quality of Life Survey Short Form

The scale measures 28 general health, physical, psychological, social and environmental well-being and consists of 26 questions. Turkey version consists of 27 questions. The 27th question is the national question that determines the Environmental Score. Since each domain expresses the quality of life in its own field independently of each other, domain scores are calculated between 4-20. As the score increases, the quality of life increases.

Neck Disability Index

Neck Disability Index will be used to evaluate the disability specific to neck pain. The Neck Disability Index has been modified from the Oswestry Disability Index. It consists of 10 sections: pain intensity, personal care, weight bearing, reading, headache, concentration, working, driving, sleep and recreational activities. Each section consists of 6 answers and is scored from 0, no disability, to 5, representing total disability. According to total score; 0-4: no limitation, 5-14: mild limitation, 15-24: moderate limitation, 25-34: severe limitation, 34 and above: completely limited.

Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale

Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale was used to evaluate kinesiophobia, which is a state of anxiety that develops against activity and physical movement due to fear of pain and re-injury. It was developed to differentiate between non-excessive fear and phobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. It is frequently used in the literature to evaluate movement-related fear and anxiety. The scale is a 17-item scale that includes parameters of injury, re-injury and fear-avoidance in work-related activities. As the score increases, it is accepted that the kinesiophobia of the individual with pain increases.Results consist of a total raw score (range between 17 and 68) A low score indicates low kinesiophobia.

Cervical joint goniometric measurements

Goniometric measurements in the neck are methods used to evaluate and record neck joint range of motion. These measurements are important to evaluate the patient's condition during the treatment process, follow the progress and create the treatment plan.

McGill Pain Questionnaire (long form)

The long-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to characterise the multidimensional quality of pain, including pain localisation, the sensory, affective and evaluative word-descriptor dimensions, the number of words chosen, the pain-time relationship, and present pain intensity. Higher scores indicate greater pain.