非特异性颈部疼痛个体的离心肌肉训练和本体感觉神经肌肉促进技术的比较

实验性的：本体感觉

本体感觉神经肌肉促进技术应用

其他：本体感觉神经肌肉促进技术组

本体感觉神经肌肉促进技术组；除了对参与者和对照组进行练习之外，还将使用等张收缩和动态稳定相结合的促进技术，并使用保持放松技术作为抑制技术。

实验性的：偏心

离心肌训练技术应用

其他：离心肌训练技术应用组

离心肌肉训练技术：除了对照组的练习外，参与者还将接受离心肌肉训练。 使用前，会对颈部进行5分钟的热身运动。 偏心肌肉训练将应用于参与者颈部的肌肉。 离心运动会加强颈部肌肉在各个平面的运动方向，即屈/伸和侧屈。 首先将向患者解释和演示这些动作。

有源比较器：Control

Participants performed a cervical stretching and stabilisation exercise programme only, without any additional technique.

其他：Control

Cervical stretching and stabilisation exercise programme. Stretching was applied in flexion, extension, rotation and lateral flexion (30-second hold, 10 repetitions). Stabilisation exercises were performed with the participant applying self-resistance from a seated position (10-second contraction, 15-second rest). Both components were performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 1-minute rest between sets, in 45-minute sessions, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. This programme was also delivered as the base programme to both experimental groups.

Cervical Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Test

Patients were asked to lie in a supine position with knees flexed at 90° and hands on the abdomen in a hook position. A 0.5 kilogram (kg) weight was placed on the forehead with the help of a band passed over the ears. The patients were asked to first perform cervical retraction and then 10° cervical flexion, and the degree of flexion was determined with the help of a goniometer. The patients were asked to maintain this position and the time was determined with a stopwatch and recorded in seconds. Patients must be able to maintain this position for 60 seconds (sec) in order to have sufficient muscle endurance. Those below this period have insufficient muscle endurance. Cervical flexion for 60 seconds. Patients holding it above were considered to have sufficient endurance and were not included in the study.

World Health Organization Quality of Life Survey Short Form

The scale measures 28 general health, physical, psychological, social and environmental well-being and consists of 26 questions. Turkey version consists of 27 questions. The 27th question is the national question that determines the Environmental Score. Since each domain expresses the quality of life in its own field independently of each other, domain scores are calculated between 4-20. As the score increases, the quality of life increases.

Neck Disability Index

Neck Disability Index will be used to evaluate the disability specific to neck pain. The Neck Disability Index has been modified from the Oswestry Disability Index. It consists of 10 sections: pain intensity, personal care, weight bearing, reading, headache, concentration, working, driving, sleep and recreational activities. Each section consists of 6 answers and is scored from 0, no disability, to 5, representing total disability. According to total score; 0-4: no limitation, 5-14: mild limitation, 15-24: moderate limitation, 25-34: severe limitation, 34 and above: completely limited.

Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale

Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale was used to evaluate kinesiophobia, which is a state of anxiety that develops against activity and physical movement due to fear of pain and re-injury. It was developed to differentiate between non-excessive fear and phobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. It is frequently used in the literature to evaluate movement-related fear and anxiety. The scale is a 17-item scale that includes parameters of injury, re-injury and fear-avoidance in work-related activities. As the score increases, it is accepted that the kinesiophobia of the individual with pain increases.Results consist of a total raw score (range between 17 and 68) A low score indicates low kinesiophobia.

Cervical joint goniometric measurements

Goniometric measurements in the neck are methods used to evaluate and record neck joint range of motion. These measurements are important to evaluate the patient's condition during the treatment process, follow the progress and create the treatment plan.

McGill Pain Questionnaire (long form)

The long-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to characterise the multidimensional quality of pain, including pain localisation, the sensory, affective and evaluative word-descriptor dimensions, the number of words chosen, the pain-time relationship, and present pain intensity. Higher scores indicate greater pain.