비특이성 목통증 환자의 편심근 훈련과 고유수용성 신경근 촉진 기법의 비교

실험적: 고유감각

고유수용성 신경근촉진기법 적용

다른: 고유 감각 신경근 촉진 기술 그룹

고유수용성 신경근 촉진 기술 그룹; 참가자와 대조군에 적용되는 운동 외에도 등장성 수축과 동적 안정화를 결합한 운동을 촉진 기법으로 사용하고, 억제 기법으로 유지-이완 기법을 사용합니다.

실험적: 별난

편심성 근육 트레이닝 기법 적용

다른: 편심근 훈련기법 응용그룹

편심근 훈련 기법: 참가자는 대조군에게 제공되는 운동에 추가로 편심근 훈련을 받게 됩니다. 적용 전 목 부위에 5분간 준비운동을 실시합니다. 편심 근육 훈련은 참가자의 경추 부위 근육에 적용됩니다. 편심운동은 각 평면에서 움직이는 방향, 즉 굴곡/신전과 측면굴곡으로 경추 부위의 근육을 강화하게 됩니다. 먼저 환자에게 동작을 설명하고 시연합니다.

활성 비교기: Control

Participants performed a cervical stretching and stabilisation exercise programme only, without any additional technique.

다른: Control

Cervical stretching and stabilisation exercise programme. Stretching was applied in flexion, extension, rotation and lateral flexion (30-second hold, 10 repetitions). Stabilisation exercises were performed with the participant applying self-resistance from a seated position (10-second contraction, 15-second rest). Both components were performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 1-minute rest between sets, in 45-minute sessions, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. This programme was also delivered as the base programme to both experimental groups.

Cervical Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Test

Patients were asked to lie in a supine position with knees flexed at 90° and hands on the abdomen in a hook position. A 0.5 kilogram (kg) weight was placed on the forehead with the help of a band passed over the ears. The patients were asked to first perform cervical retraction and then 10° cervical flexion, and the degree of flexion was determined with the help of a goniometer. The patients were asked to maintain this position and the time was determined with a stopwatch and recorded in seconds. Patients must be able to maintain this position for 60 seconds (sec) in order to have sufficient muscle endurance. Those below this period have insufficient muscle endurance. Cervical flexion for 60 seconds. Patients holding it above were considered to have sufficient endurance and were not included in the study.

World Health Organization Quality of Life Survey Short Form

The scale measures 28 general health, physical, psychological, social and environmental well-being and consists of 26 questions. Turkey version consists of 27 questions. The 27th question is the national question that determines the Environmental Score. Since each domain expresses the quality of life in its own field independently of each other, domain scores are calculated between 4-20. As the score increases, the quality of life increases.

Neck Disability Index

Neck Disability Index will be used to evaluate the disability specific to neck pain. The Neck Disability Index has been modified from the Oswestry Disability Index. It consists of 10 sections: pain intensity, personal care, weight bearing, reading, headache, concentration, working, driving, sleep and recreational activities. Each section consists of 6 answers and is scored from 0, no disability, to 5, representing total disability. According to total score; 0-4: no limitation, 5-14: mild limitation, 15-24: moderate limitation, 25-34: severe limitation, 34 and above: completely limited.

Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale

Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale was used to evaluate kinesiophobia, which is a state of anxiety that develops against activity and physical movement due to fear of pain and re-injury. It was developed to differentiate between non-excessive fear and phobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. It is frequently used in the literature to evaluate movement-related fear and anxiety. The scale is a 17-item scale that includes parameters of injury, re-injury and fear-avoidance in work-related activities. As the score increases, it is accepted that the kinesiophobia of the individual with pain increases.Results consist of a total raw score (range between 17 and 68) A low score indicates low kinesiophobia.

Cervical joint goniometric measurements

Goniometric measurements in the neck are methods used to evaluate and record neck joint range of motion. These measurements are important to evaluate the patient's condition during the treatment process, follow the progress and create the treatment plan.

McGill Pain Questionnaire (long form)

The long-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was used to characterise the multidimensional quality of pain, including pain localisation, the sensory, affective and evaluative word-descriptor dimensions, the number of words chosen, the pain-time relationship, and present pain intensity. Higher scores indicate greater pain.