性的少数者のHIV行動を改善するための行動経済的介入

EFT is a behavioral economic intervention designed to improve decision-making by reducing delay discounting and improving demand. The EFT intervention will be administered through a combination of in-person counseling sessions and mobile health (mHealth) technology via an app platform.

Participants who meet the eligibility criteria will receive the EFT intervention, a cognitive training exercise designed to help them generate and visualize future events or goals. The intervention will be administered individually, in person, by a trained counselor

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Standard of Care: The standard of care group will receive brief information and supportive counseling around PrEP adherence, methamphetamine use reduction and engaging in safe sexual behaviors. Participants will also receive counseling on a topic of concern identified by the participant.

Blood spots will be collected and assessed for sexually transmitted infections (STI).

Urine will be tested for drug screening. Number of subjects that result in a negative drug screening will be reported.

Urine will be tested for STIs. Number of subjects that test negative for STIs will be reported.

A rectal swab will be obtained for STI. Number of subjects that test negative for STIs will be reported.

A 3-item scale to measure PrEP-related intentions (e.g., "During the next three months, I will talk to a health care provider about PrEP"; "During the next three months, I will seek out more information about PrEP" and "During the next three months, I will get a prescription for PrEP"). Response options will be 1 = No, definitely not; 2 = No, probably not; 3 = Yes, probably and 4=Yes, definitely. A total range of scores is 3-12 with a higher score indication a greater intention of taking preventative measures.

A 5-item scale to evaluate attitudes regarding PrEP use (e.g., "People who take PrEP are responsible"; "Taking PrEP is safe"). Response options will range from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. Total scores will range between 5 and 25, with higher scores indicating more favorable attitudes toward PrEP use.

A 5-item scale to assess PrEP stigma (e.g., "People who take PrEP are promiscuous"). Responses will be on a 5-point scale, ranging from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly disagree. The total range of scores is 5-25, where higher scores denote greater stigma associated with PrEP.

Participants will self-report the level of difficulty they anticipate in performing 8 behaviors associated with PrEP use (e.g., "How difficult would it be for you to seek out more information about PrEP to decide if it is right for you?"). Responses will be on a scale from 1=very hard to do to 4=very easy to do. Total scores range from 8-32, where higher scores suggest higher levels of self-efficacy.

Test for HIV infection. Number of negative results will be reported.

Delay discounting tasks will consist of 1) a standard adjusting-amount monetary tasks presenting repeated choices between various amounts of money now ($0 to $1,000) and $1,000 after a fixed delay (1 day to 25 years); 2) a cross-commodity task presenting choices between various amounts of methamphetamine now and money later in which the values are made equivalent with the monetary task; and 3) a condom delay discounting task assessing the likelihood that the participant would have sex with their ideal partner immediately with no condom vs. with a condom following a delay. Delayed discounting rate (or k) is an index of the devaluation of a rewards over time, with higher k values representing steeper discounting rates and a greater preferences for immediate rewards.

Demand tasks will consist of hypothetical purchasing tasks assessing 1) Methamphetamine demand (grams of methamphetamine purchased as a function of increasing price); 2) condom demand (likelihood of purchasing condoms as a function of increasing price, with the follow-up question of whether they do not have sex or have sex without a condom when the likelihood of condom purchasing goes to zero); and 3) PrEP demand (likelihood of purchasing a one-month supply of PrEP as a function of increasing price). Demand data will be fit to an exponentiated demand model: Q=Q0*10k(e-αQ0C-1), where Q represents consumption/use of the commodity as a function of increasing cost (C).

This adult version of the measure consists of 23 questions that assess 13 psychiatric domains, including depression, anger, mania, anxiety, somatic symptoms, suicidal ideation, psychosis, sleep problems, memory, repetitive thoughts and behaviors, dissociation, personality functioning, and substance use. Each item inquires about how much (or how often) the individual has been bothered by the specific symptom during the past 2 weeks. Each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (0=none or not at all; 1=slight or rare, less than a day or two; 2=mild or several days; 3=moderate or more than half the days; and 4=severe or nearly every day).

Scoring:

Scoring can be done at three levels:

Item Level: Review individual item scores. Domain Level: Sum item scores within each domain. Full Survey Level: Sum all item scores.

The GAD-7 will be used to assess generalized anxiety symptomology. This is a 7-item measure that asks participants to rate the frequency with which they have been bothered by anxiety symptoms within the past two weeks on a scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("nearly every day"). Scores on all items are summed up to obtain a total severity score between 0 and 28. Scores reflect no significant anxiety symptoms (0-4), mild anxiety symptoms (5-9), moderate anxiety symptoms (10-14), and severe anxiety symptoms (>15)