파킨슨병 자연 기반 치료 프로그램(PARC) (PARC)

Nature-based group intervention of once a week for 8 weeks

Activities in nature such as walking, exercises (strengthening, mobility, balance), pedal boat, yoga, dance, mindfulness, meditation, forest bathing or Shinrin-Yoku, interpretation of nature

• 자연 기반 치료

The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a self-administered tool used to screen, diagnose, monitor, and measure the severity of depression. It consists of nine questions based on the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition).Respondents rate how often they have experienced each symptom over the past two weeks on a scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The scores are then added together to produce a total score ranging from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms

roportion of participants completing the full 8-week protocol including pre- and post-intervention assessments.

Proportion of scheduled supervised outdoor sessions completed by each participant.

Proportion of participants who discontinue participation before completing the protocol.

Participant Satisfaction was measured using the "Participant Satisfaction Likert Scale", a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with the intervention, including clarity of instructions, perceived usefulness, exercise difficulty, and overall acceptability.

Number and type of adverse events reported during the intervention.

Qualitative feedback collected after each session through brief open-ended questions documenting perceived benefits such as increased hope, enhanced social interaction, and other emergent themes.

The World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is a widely used self-reported questionnaire designed to measure subjective well-being. It assesses the individual's overall psychological well-being and quality of life. The WHO-5 consists of five simple questions that ask respondents to rate their well-being over the past two weeks. The questions cover aspects such as positive mood, vitality, and general interest in life.

The questionnaire is scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better well-being.

The Social Provisions Scale-10 (SPS-10) is a shorter version of the original Social Provisions Scale (SPS). It is a brief self-report questionnaire designed to measure perceived social support across five dimensions. The SPS-10 is derived from the longer SPS but consists of a subset of items that capture key aspects of social support.

Similar to the original SPS, respondents rate their agreement with each item on a Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The SPS-10 provides a quick and efficient way to assess an individual's perceived social support network and their satisfaction with various aspects of their social relationships.

The Connection to Nature Scale (CNS) is a psychological assessment tool designed to measure an individual's subjective connection to nature. It evaluates the degree to which people perceive themselves as a part of the natural world and the extent to which they appreciate and value nature in their lives.

Respondents are asked to rate their agreement with each statement on a Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The scores are then totaled to provide an overall measure of an individual's connection to nature.

To assess mobility. Equipment: A stopwatch. Directions: Patients wear their regular footwear and can use a walking aid, if needed. Begin by having the patient sit back in a standard arm chair and identify a line 3 meters, or 10 feet away, on the floor.

f the 30 second sit to stand test was not applied for some patients, we used also this test which it measures the amount of time it takes for a patient to sit and stand five times in succession with arms folded across their chest. 2 trials were applied in this test and the best time in seconds used for analysis.

Jamar dynamometer to assess maximal isometric hand grip strength and frailty criteria. 3 trials of maximal contraction up 5 seconds. The best value was retained and corrected by body mass index from Fried classification.

Measures of center of pressure (COP) from plateform of force during different balance tasks

Gait parameters from GaitRite system (14-ft walkway) measurement across two speeds: preferred and fast, with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz.

The test was performed along a 14 m walkway, with timing initiated at the 2 m mark and stopped at the 12 m mark to ensure steady state walking. Each participant completed two trials at both comfortable (preferred) and maximal walking (fast) speeds, and the best time for each condition was retained for analysis.

The confidence in performing daily activities without falling was evaluated using the French version of the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (M FES), consisting of 14 items rated from 0 (no confidence) to 10 (complete confidence), with higher scores indicating greater falls related self efficacy.

The presence of frailty criteria according to Fried was assessed with self-report questions and two physical tests from five characteristics : 1) Low physical activity (to capture history of sedentary behavior or activity: ex. Do you get any physical exercise for the sake of exercising? How often do you leave your house?); 2) fatigue (complaint of exhaustion with normal activity such as walking outside, climbing stairs: ex. I felt that everything I did was an effort in the last week?); 3) weight loss (unintentional weight loss 10 lbs. or more in past year or more than 5% in past year); 4) weakness (grip strength evaluated with manual dynamometer; in average <30 kg for men and <18 kg for women, but data is normalized by body mass index); 5) slowness or slow walking speed (usual gait speed over 4.57 meters (15 feet); ex. >6.5 seconds, dependent of height).

It is a five-point scale used by doctors and researchers to rate the degree of disability and severity of symptoms caused by Parkinson's disease:

Stage 1: Unilateral involvement only Stage 1.5: Unilateral and axial involvement Stage 2: Bilateral involvement without impairment of balance Stage 2.5: Mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test Stage 3: Mild to moderate bilateral disease; some postural instability; physically independent Stage 4: Severe disability; still able to walk or stand unassisted Stage 5: Wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided

Mini-mental state questionnaire (MMSE or Folstein), which is used for grading the cognitive state of patients in this study. It's assessing the attention and orientation, memory, registration, recall, calculation, language and ability to draw a complex polygon.

It is ranged from 0 to 30, where 30 means no impairment.