The Effects of Intermittent Water Consumption and Restriction on Serum Electrolyte Levels in Professional Football Players During Competition
Background: In sports requiring intense physical exertion, particularly in endurance-based disciplines such as football, exercise-induced fluid and electrolyte losses can have adverse effects on thermoregulation, cardiovascular stability, and neuromuscular functions. Failure to balance these losses with adequate and timely rehydration increases the risk of performance decrement and injury. Although the literature indicates that intermittent and individualized fluid intake can mitigate these physiological effects, experimental studies conducted under field conditions with professional athletes remain limited. In this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of intermittent water consumption administered during competition on exercise-induced changes in body weight and basic serum electrolyte levels (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl-) in professional football players.
Methods: Twenty-two male football players participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either the experimental (intermittent water intake, n=11) or control (ad libitum water intake, n=11) group. Both groups played a 90-minute match; body weight and serum electrolyte levels were measured before and after the competition. The experimental group was provided with a total of 10 mL/kg of plain water, administered before the match and at half-time.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Toestand
Conditie
Conditie
Interventie / Behandeling
Interventie / Behandeling
Studietype
Studietype
Inschrijving (Werkelijk)
Inschrijving
Fase
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
- Volwassen
- Oudere volwassene
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male professional football players.
- Actively playing for Anadolu Selçukspor in the Turkish Football Federation 2nd League.
- Training at a professional level.
- Having no reported health problems.
- Voluntary participation in the study.
- Providing written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having any health problem that could affect participation in the football match or study measurements.
- Having an injury or medical condition preventing participation in exercise.
- Refusal to participate or failure to provide written informed consent.
- Not completing the match protocol or pre- and post-competition measurements.
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Ander
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Geen (open label)
Aantal wapens
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / ArmDeelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / BehandelingInterventie / Behandeling |
|---|---|
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Experimenteel: Intermittent Water Intake Group
Participants in this arm received intermittent plain water intake during the football match.
The total water volume was calculated according to body weight as 2 × 5 mL/kg and was administered in two equal doses: 15 minutes before the match and immediately after the first half.
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Participants in the experimental group received plain water according to body weight.
The total amount was calculated as 2 × 5 mL/kg and was administered in two equal doses: 15 minutes before the start of the football match and immediately after the first half.
Water intake was directly observed and recorded.
Andere namen:
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Geen tussenkomst: Ad Libitum Water Intake Group
Participants in this arm received no specific hydration guidance during the study and followed their natural thirst-driven drinking behavior throughout the football match.
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Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Serum Electrolyte Levels
Tijdsspanne: Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
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Change in serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride levels from before to after the 90-minute football match.
Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after the competition to evaluate exercise-induced changes in serum electrolyte balance.
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Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
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Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Body Weight
Tijdsspanne: Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
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Change in body weight from before to after the 90-minute football match.
Body weight was measured before and after the competition to estimate exercise-induced fluid loss.
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Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
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Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Sponsor
Sponsor
Onderzoekers
Onderzoekers
- Hoofdonderzoeker: Süleyman Patlar, Prod. Dr., Selcuk University
Studie record data
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Werkelijk)
Studie start
Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)
Primaire voltooiing
Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)
Studie voltooiing
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Eerst geplaatst
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Laatste update geplaatst
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatst geverifieerd
Laatst geverifieerd
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Trefwoorden
Andere studie-ID-nummers
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- SU-FSS-2015-41
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?
Beschrijving IPD-plan
IPD-tijdsbestek voor delen
IPD-toegangscriteria voor delen
IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype
- LEERPROTOCOOL
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