The Effects of Intermittent Water Consumption and Restriction on Serum Electrolyte Levels in Professional Football Players During Competition
Background: In sports requiring intense physical exertion, particularly in endurance-based disciplines such as football, exercise-induced fluid and electrolyte losses can have adverse effects on thermoregulation, cardiovascular stability, and neuromuscular functions. Failure to balance these losses with adequate and timely rehydration increases the risk of performance decrement and injury. Although the literature indicates that intermittent and individualized fluid intake can mitigate these physiological effects, experimental studies conducted under field conditions with professional athletes remain limited. In this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of intermittent water consumption administered during competition on exercise-induced changes in body weight and basic serum electrolyte levels (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl-) in professional football players.
Methods: Twenty-two male football players participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either the experimental (intermittent water intake, n=11) or control (ad libitum water intake, n=11) group. Both groups played a 90-minute match; body weight and serum electrolyte levels were measured before and after the competition. The experimental group was provided with a total of 10 mL/kg of plain water, administered before the match and at half-time.
Studieoversikt
Status
Status
Forhold
Forhold
Intervensjon / Behandling
Intervensjon / Behandling
Studietype
Studietype
Registrering (Faktiske)
Registrering
Fase
Fase
- Ikke aktuelt
Deltakelseskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Alder som er kvalifisert for studier
- Voksen
- Eldre voksen
Tar imot friske frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male professional football players.
- Actively playing for Anadolu Selçukspor in the Turkish Football Federation 2nd League.
- Training at a professional level.
- Having no reported health problems.
- Voluntary participation in the study.
- Providing written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having any health problem that could affect participation in the football match or study measurements.
- Having an injury or medical condition preventing participation in exercise.
- Refusal to participate or failure to provide written informed consent.
- Not completing the match protocol or pre- and post-competition measurements.
Studieplan
Hvordan er studiet utformet?
Designdetaljer
- Primært formål: Annen
- Tildeling: Randomisert
- Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
- Masking: Ingen (Open Label)
Antall våpen
Våpen og intervensjoner
Deltakergruppe / ArmDeltakergruppe / Arm |
Intervensjon / BehandlingIntervensjon / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Eksperimentell: Intermittent Water Intake Group
Participants in this arm received intermittent plain water intake during the football match.
The total water volume was calculated according to body weight as 2 × 5 mL/kg and was administered in two equal doses: 15 minutes before the match and immediately after the first half.
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Participants in the experimental group received plain water according to body weight.
The total amount was calculated as 2 × 5 mL/kg and was administered in two equal doses: 15 minutes before the start of the football match and immediately after the first half.
Water intake was directly observed and recorded.
Andre navn:
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Ingen inngripen: Ad Libitum Water Intake Group
Participants in this arm received no specific hydration guidance during the study and followed their natural thirst-driven drinking behavior throughout the football match.
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Hva måler studien?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Serum Electrolyte Levels
Tidsramme: Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
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Change in serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride levels from before to after the 90-minute football match.
Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after the competition to evaluate exercise-induced changes in serum electrolyte balance.
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Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Body Weight
Tidsramme: Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
|
Change in body weight from before to after the 90-minute football match.
Body weight was measured before and after the competition to estimate exercise-induced fluid loss.
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Before and immediately after the 90-minute football match
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Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Etterforskere
Etterforskere
- Hovedetterforsker: Süleyman Patlar, Prod. Dr., Selcuk University
Studierekorddatoer
Studer hoveddatoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Studiestart
Primær fullføring (Faktiske)
Primær fullføring
Studiet fullført (Faktiske)
Studiet fullført
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først innsendt
Først innsendt
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Først lagt ut (Faktiske)
Først lagt ut
Oppdateringer av studieposter
Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)
Sist oppdatering lagt ut
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Sist bekreftet
Sist bekreftet
Mer informasjon
Begreper knyttet til denne studien
Nøkkelord
Andre studie-ID-numre
Andre studie-ID-numre
- SU-FSS-2015-41
Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)
Planlegger du å dele individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)?
IPD-planbeskrivelse
IPD-delingstidsramme
Tilgangskriterier for IPD-deling
IPD-deling Støtteinformasjonstype
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
Legemiddel- og utstyrsinformasjon, studiedokumenter
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