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Basketbal Based Motor Cognitive Training Promotes Adolescents' Personal Growth Initiative and Reduces Reliance on AI

6 november 2026 bijgewerkt door: Yunliang Zhang

Basketball-Based Motor Cognitive Training Promotes Adolescents' Personal Growth Initiative and Reduces Reliance on AI: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To explore whether a 12-week basketball-based cognitive-motor dual-task training (CMDT) improves adolescents' personal growth initiative and functional components of AI dependence, and to examine its effects on critical thinking disposition. Methods: This 12-week randomized controlled trial recruited 106 adolescents aged 18-19 years, who were randomly assigned to either the CMDT group or the control group. The CMDT group received basketball training embedded with cognitive tasks, while the control group participated in conventional basketball training with matched exercise volume. Assessments were conducted at baseline (week 0), mid-intervention (week 6), and post-intervention (week 12) using the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II (PGIS-II), Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (CTDS), and Conversational AI Dependence Scale (CAIDS-20). A 2 × 3 mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance was adopted to test the main effects of group, time, and group-by-time interaction effects.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

106

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

18 jaar tot 19 jaar (Volwassen)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Allemaal

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 18-19 years
  • No formal diagnosis of neurological or psychiatric disorders; - No musculoskeletal injuries within the past 6 months that would interfere with participation in basketball training
  • No prior systematic participation in any structured cognitive-motor training program
  • Ability to participate fully in the 12-week intervention and all testing sessions

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Currently taking medications that may affect cognitive function
  • Having uncorrected vision or hearing impairments
  • Being unable to understand the Chinese version of the questionnaire or test instructions
  • Missing more than three consecutive training sessions during the intervention period.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Dubbele

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Basketball-Based Motor Cognitive Training

The CMDT group was required to complete both motor and cognitive exercises simultaneously. The training was designed to enhance behavioral and cognitive abilities based on the characteristics of the four dimensions of the PGI. The plan was to stimulate the PGI through various scenarios. For example, the offensive time limit was set at 12 or 10 seconds to train the "readiness for change" dimension. During the training period, the experimental group completed a 12-week training program divided into four phases, with three tasks in each phase. Coaches will distribute the training sessions for the three tasks evenly across each phase. Each training session includes a warm-up and dynamic decision-making phase (10 minutes), combining dribbling with visual search tasks to quickly locate markers or teammates on the court; a cognitive-motor integration training phase (40 minutes), incorporating inhibitory control into offensive and defensive drills-such as sudden change-of-direction commands vi

Placebo-vergelijker: Traditional Basketball Training

Participants engaged in basketball fundamentals and competitive drills (dribbling, passing, shooting, and simple tactical exercises) at the same intensity and frequency, but without incorporating any additional cognitive tasks or conducting structured debriefings, in order to isolate the cognitive training component. Aside from the inclusion of cognitive tasks, the two groups were matched in terms of training content, venue, coach qualifications, and intensity. A standard individual training session consists of a warm-up phase (10 minutes), a training phase (40 minutes), and a cool-down phase (10 minutes). Following basic training principles, the coach focuses on dribbling fundamentals, incorporating various hand movements, speed changes, and directional shifts, and concludes the session with shooting or moves around the basket.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Personal Growth Initiative
Tijdsspanne: 0week、6week、12week

The Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II consists of 16 items rated on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The PGIS-II scale has four subscales: Resource Utilization (3 items, e.g., "When I try to change myself, I seek help"), Intentional Behavior (4 items, e.g., "I seize every opportunity to grow"), Planning (5 items, e.g., "I set realistic goals for the changes I want to make"), and Readiness for Change (4 items, e.g., "When I am ready to make specific changes in myself, I can recognize it") . Subscale scores are calculated by averaging the item scores for that subscale. The total scale score is calculated by averaging the scores of the four subscales. Higher scores indicate higher levels of PGI and its subscales.

0week、6week、12week
Reduces Reliance on AI
Tijdsspanne: 0week、6week、12week

Dependence on artificial intelligence technology is measured using the Conversational AI Dependence Scale . The scale consists of four dimensions and 20 items: lack of control, withdrawal symptoms, emotional changes, and negative effects. The scale uses a five-point rating scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree); the higher the total score, the greater the dependence on artificial intelligence technology.

0week、6week、12week

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Critical thinking
Tijdsspanne: 0week、6week、12week

The Chinese revised version of the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (CTDS), developed by Sosu (2013) , was used. The scale consists of 11 items and includes two dimensions: critical openness (7 items, measuring an individual's openness and acceptance of new perspectives and feedback from others) and reflective skepticism (4 items, measuring an individual's tendency to question and carefully evaluate information rather than blindly accept it). A 5-point Likert scale was used (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree); higher scores indicate stronger critical thinking dispositions.

0week、6week、12week

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Publicaties en nuttige links

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Nuttige links

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

10 november 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

2 februari 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

9 februari 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

29 oktober 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

6 november 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

12 november 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

12 november 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

6 november 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 november 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • TJUS2026-104

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

JA

IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype

  • ICF

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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