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Multisensory Approaches for Managing Pediatric Dental Anxiety

23 września 2026 zaktualizowane przez: Mustafa Sarp Kaya, Bezmialem Vakif University

Evaluation of the Effects of Virtual Reality and Weighted Blanket Use on Dental Anxiety Among School-Aged Children With High Dental Anxiety

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of distraction using virtual reality (VR) glasses and deep-pressure stimulation using weighted blankets on dental anxiety, cooperation, and pain perception in school-aged children. The study focuses on children aged 5-9 years with high dental anxiety (CFSS-DS score ≥39) who require dental procedures involving local anesthesia, such as Class II restorations, pulpotomy, or extractions. Participants will be randomly assigned to four groups: a control group receiving standard behavior guidance, a VR group, a weighted blanket group, and a combined group using both VR and weighted blankets. The study aims to determine the effects of these non-pharmacological, non-invasive, sensory-based interventions on children's clinical experience and physiological parameters.

Przegląd badań

Status

Rekrutacyjny

Warunki

Interwencja / Leczenie

Szczegółowy opis

This clinical trial is designed as a four-arm, randomized controlled study to compare sensory-based behavior guidance techniques in pediatric dentistry.

Study Arms:

Group 1 (Control): Treatment with basic behavior guidance techniques.

Group 2 (VR): Treatment using virtual reality (VR) glasses as a distraction tool.

Group 3 (WB): Treatment using a 3-kg weighted blanket for deep-pressure stimulation.

Group 4 (Combined): Simultaneous use of VR glasses and a weighted blanket.

Methodology:

Children aged 5-9 years who meet the inclusion criteria will be evaluated at multiple time points: pre-treatment, during local anesthesia, and post-treatment.

Outcome Measures:

Dental Anxiety: Assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS).

Cooperation: Evaluated using the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale.

Pain Perception: Measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.

Physiological Parameters: Heart rate and oxygen saturation will be monitored throughout the procedure.

Acceptability: Subjective feedback from children and parents will be collected via post-treatment surveys to assess the feasibility of and satisfaction with the interventions.

Inclusion is restricted to systemically healthy children (ASA I-II) whose body weight (15-30 kg) is compatible with the 3-kg weighted blanket to ensure safety and appropriate therapeutic pressure.

Typ studiów

Interwencyjne

Zapisy (Szacowany)

60

Faza

  • Nie dotyczy

Kontakty i lokalizacje

Ta sekcja zawiera dane kontaktowe osób prowadzących badanie oraz informacje o tym, gdzie badanie jest przeprowadzane.

Kontakt w sprawie studiów

Kopia zapasowa kontaktu do badania

Lokalizacje studiów

    • Fatih
      • Istanbul, Fatih, Turcja (Türkiye), 34093
        • Rekrutacyjny
        • Bezm-i Alem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry

Kryteria uczestnictwa

Badacze szukają osób, które pasują do określonego opisu, zwanego kryteriami kwalifikacyjnymi. Niektóre przykłady tych kryteriów to ogólny stan zdrowia danej osoby lub wcześniejsze leczenie.

Kryteria kwalifikacji

Wiek uprawniający do nauki

5 lat do 9 lat (Dziecko)

Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników

Tak

Płeć kwalifikująca się do nauki

Wszystko

Opis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged between 5 and 9 years.
  • Children with a total score of 39 or higher on the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS).
  • Requirement for dental treatment necessitating local anesthesia, such as Class II restorations, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, or extractions.
  • Systemically healthy children classified as ASA I or ASA II.
  • Voluntary participation of both the child and the parent, with written informed consent obtained from the parent.
  • Body weight between 15 and 30 kg, ensuring that the 3-kg weighted blanket corresponds to 10-20% of the child's body weight.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children with a CFSS-DS score of 38 or lower.
  • Presence of intellectual or developmental disabilities.
  • Presence of visual or hearing impairments.
  • Presence of neurodevelopmental or neurological disorders, such as epilepsy.
  • Acute or chronic respiratory diseases.
  • Neuromuscular or orthopedic conditions that may pose a risk during the use of the weighted blanket.
  • History of dizziness, nausea, or vertigo associated with virtual reality use.
  • Refusal of the specific interventions, namely VR glasses or the weighted blanket, by the child or the parent.

Plan studiów

Ta sekcja zawiera szczegółowe informacje na temat planu badania, w tym sposób zaprojektowania badania i jego pomiary.

Jak projektuje się badanie?

Szczegóły projektu

  • Główny cel: Leczenie podtrzymujące
  • Przydział: Randomizowane
  • Model interwencyjny: Przydział równoległy
  • Maskowanie: Pojedynczy

Broń i interwencje

Grupa uczestników / Arm
Interwencja / Leczenie
Aktywny komparator: Control Group

Participants in this group will receive dental treatment using only basic behavior guidance techniques, such as tell-show-do and positive reinforcement, without any additional sensory interventions.

Traditional non-pharmacological behavior management techniques, including the "Tell-Show-Do" method, positive reinforcement, and distraction through verbal communication, will be used as a standard protocol.

Eksperymentalny: Virtual Reality Group

Participants will wear virtual reality (VR) glasses during the dental procedure. The VR system will be used as a visual and auditory distraction tool to reduce dental anxiety and pain perception.

The participant will wear a Virtual Reality headset during the dental procedure. Audio-visual content specifically selected for pediatric distraction will be played to divert the child's attention away from dental stimuli and reduce anxiety.

Eksperymentalny: Weighted Blanket Group

Participants will be covered with a 3-kg weighted blanket during the dental procedure to provide deep-pressure stimulation. This non-pharmacological intervention aims to promote relaxation and reduce physiological stress responses.

A 3 kg weighted blanket will be placed over the participant's body during the dental treatment. This intervention aims to provide deep pressure stimulation to promote relaxation and decrease behavioral stress responses.

Eksperymentalny: Combined Intervention Group

Participants in this group will receive a combination of the two interventions during the entire dental procedure: virtual reality (VR) glasses for distraction and a weighted blanket for deep-pressure stimulation.

The participant will wear a Virtual Reality headset during the dental procedure. Audio-visual content specifically selected for pediatric distraction will be played to divert the child's attention away from dental stimuli and reduce anxiety.

A 3 kg weighted blanket will be placed over the participant's body during the dental treatment. This intervention aims to provide deep pressure stimulation to promote relaxation and decrease behavioral stress responses.

Co mierzy badanie?

Podstawowe miary wyniku

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) Score
Ramy czasowe: During the dental examination session, before dental treatment.

Dental fear and anxiety will be assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). The total score ranges from 15 to 75, with higher scores indicating greater dental fear and anxiety.

During the dental examination session, before dental treatment.
Facial Image Scale (FIS) Score
Ramy czasowe: Immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Dental anxiety will be assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS), a 5-point facial image scale ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater dental anxiety. FIS scores will be recorded at three time points: immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.
Frankl Behavior Rating Scale Score
Ramy czasowe: Immediately before dental treatment ande immediately after dental treatment.

Child behavior and cooperation during dental treatment will be assessed using the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, which categorizes behavior into four levels ranging from definitely negative to definitely positive.

Immediately before dental treatment ande immediately after dental treatment.
FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Score
Ramy czasowe: Immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Pain-related behavioral responses will be assessed using the FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale. The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain-related behavioral response. Assessment will be performed by an independent evaluator blinded to group allocation using standardized video recordings.

Immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale Score
Ramy czasowe: Immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection.

Self-reported pain intensity will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity.

Immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection.
Heart Rate
Ramy czasowe: Immediately before dental treatment, immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute (bpm) using a pulse oximeter.

Immediately before dental treatment, immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection and immediately after completion of dental treatment.
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Ramy czasowe: Immediately before dental treatment, immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) will be measured using a pulse oximeter and recorded as percentage (%).

Immediately before dental treatment, immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Współpracownicy i badacze

Tutaj znajdziesz osoby i organizacje zaangażowane w to badanie.

Sponsor

Śledczy

  • Główny śledczy: Mustafa Sarp Kaya, Associate Professor, Bezm-i Alem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry

Daty zapisu na studia

Daty te śledzą postęp w przesyłaniu rekordów badań i podsumowań wyników do ClinicalTrials.gov. Zapisy badań i zgłoszone wyniki są przeglądane przez National Library of Medicine (NLM), aby upewnić się, że spełniają określone standardy kontroli jakości, zanim zostaną opublikowane na publicznej stronie internetowej.

Główne daty studiów

Rozpoczęcie studiów (Rzeczywisty)

19 sierpnia 2026

Zakończenie podstawowe (Szacowany)

1 kwietnia 2027

Ukończenie studiów (Szacowany)

1 kwietnia 2027

Daty rejestracji na studia

Pierwszy przesłany

23 maja 2026

Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości

23 września 2026

Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)

30 września 2026

Aktualizacje rekordów badań

Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)

30 września 2026

Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości

23 września 2026

Ostatnia weryfikacja

1 września 2026

Więcej informacji

Terminy związane z tym badaniem

Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania

  • 2026/915

Plan dla danych uczestnika indywidualnego (IPD)

Planujesz udostępniać dane poszczególnych uczestników (IPD)?

NIE

Opis planu IPD

Individual participant data will not be shared to protect participant confidentiality and privacy in accordance with the ethical committee approval and local data protection regulations.

Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze

Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Te informacje zostały pobrane bezpośrednio ze strony internetowej clinicaltrials.gov bez żadnych zmian. Jeśli chcesz zmienić, usunąć lub zaktualizować dane swojego badania, skontaktuj się z register@clinicaltrials.gov. Gdy tylko zmiana zostanie wprowadzona na stronie clinicaltrials.gov, zostanie ona automatycznie zaktualizowana również na naszej stronie internetowej .